“the new fort in Virginia”: David B. Quinn, Roanoke Voyages, 210.

  “one of the wives of Wingina”: White, “One of the Wyues of Wyngyno,” British Museum, 1906,0509.1.17.

  His watercolor of a werowance: White, “An Indian ‘Werowance’, or Chief,” British Museum, 1906,0509.1.12.

  “to possess Philip’s purse”: Cell, English Enterprise in Newfoundland, 46.

  “predatory drive of armed traders”: Andrews, Trade, Plunder, and Settlement, 356.

  “the King’s Isle”: David B. Quinn, Roanoke Voyages, 215.

  “the goodliest and most pleasing territory”: Ibid., 208.

  “If Virginia had but horses”: Ibid.

  “being savages that possess the land”: Ibid., 209.

  “The savage people rule”: Peterson, American Trinity, 53.

  “for they count this”: More, Bacon, and Neville, Three Early Modern Utopias, 63.

  “If the title of occupiers”: Raleigh, Works of Sir Walter Raleigh, 2:23.

  “a modern fable”: Seed, American Pentimento, 30.

  “Possession is nine-tenths”: Ibid., 15.

  “For a copper kettle”: Smith, Journals, 175.

  “The people naturally”: David B. Quinn, Roanoke Voyages, 209.

  “in the presence of the Indian”: Kupperman, Roanoke, 65.

  “seeking revenge on every injury”: Lenman, England’s Colonial Wars, 220.

  “a botanical philosopher’s stone”: Ralph Bauer, “A New World of Secrets: Occult Philosophy and Local Knowledge in the Sixteenth-Century Atlantic,” in Delbourgo and Dew, Science and Empire in the Atlantic World, 110.

  “the true and only God”: Harriot, Briefe and True Report, 27.

  “may be in a short time”: Ibid., 25.

  “spring-clocks that seem to go of themselves”: Ibid., 27.

  “conjurers” who could predict: Ibid., 54.

  “because we sought”: Ibid., 28.

  “Within a few days”: Ibid.

  “by shooting invisible bullets”: Ibid., 29.

  “St. Mary’s Bay”: David B. Quinn, Roanoke Voyages, 215.

  the “wild men”: Ibid., 204.

  “for a savage, a very grave”: Ibid., 259.

  “whilst there was left”: Ibid., 267.

  “We heard certain savages call”: Ibid., 271.

  “which was fasted”: Ibid., 272.

  “We be dead men returned”: Ibid., 278.

  “the only friend to our nation”: Ibid., 275.

  “seem to prophesy”: Harriot, Briefe and True Report, 29.

  “one who watches”: Oberg, Dominion and Civility, 39.

  “Because there were not to be found”: Harriot, Briefe and True Report, 6.

  “to live upon shellfish”: David B. Quinn, Roanoke Voyages, 283.

  “Christ our Victory”: Ibid., 287.

  “thwart his buttocks”: Ibid.

  “with all love and kindness”: Ibid., 108.

  “not only victuals, munitions”: Ibid., 289.

  for the “unrighteous intercourse”: Irene A. Wright, Further English Voyages to Spanish America, 197.

  “we had many Turks”: Corbett, Papers Relating to the Navy During the Spanish War, 21.

  “Most of the slaves”: Irene A. Wright, Further English Voyages to Spanish America, 159.

  “as did the black slaves”: Ibid., 54.

  “meant to leave all the negroes”: Ibid., 204.

  “who do menial service”: Oberg, Head in Edward Nugent’s Hand, 99.

  “a great storm”: David B. Quinn, Set Fair for Roanoke, 137.

  “Considering the case”: David B. Quinn, Roanoke Voyages, 292.

  “left all things so confusedly”: Hakluyt, Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques, and Discoveries of the English Nation, 12:347.

  “showed themselves too fierce”: Harriot, Briefe and True Report, 30.

  “their long and dangerous abode”: David B. Quinn, Roanoke Voyages, 293.

  “an astonishing feat”: Kupperman, Roanoke, 81.

  “100 Turks brought by Sir Francis Drake”: David B. Quinn, “Turks, Moors, Blacks, and Others in Drake’s West Indian Voyage,” 101.

  “he would be glad to hear”: Ibid., 104.

  “the saddest part of the story”: Morgan, American Slavery, American Freedom, 34.

  “The only reasonable explanation”: David B. Quinn, England and the Discovery of America, 432.

  CHAPTER 4: SMALL THINGS FLOURISH BY CONCORD

  “one whole year and more”: David B. Quinn, Roanoke Voyages, 233.

  “slanderous and shameful speeches”: Harriot, Briefe and True Report, 5.

  “The discovery of a good mine”: David B. Quinn, Roanoke Voyages, 273.

  “for pleasantness of seat”: Ibid., 257.

  “This brilliant, ruthless, and sardonic creature”: Wallace, Sir Walter Raleigh, 4.

  “you freely swore that no terrors”: David B. Quinn, Roanoke Voyages, 514.

  “If you proceed”: Ibid., 493.

  “I am fully persuaded”: Ibid.

  sister of “Fornando Simon”: William S. Powell, “Who Were the Roanoke Colonists?,” 51.

  “This city of London”: Harkness, Jewel House, 1.

  “great multitude of people”: Charles Knight, London 1–2, 254.

  “Military outposts always failed”: H.G. Jones, Raleigh and Quinn, 125.

  “The whole 1587 project”: David B. Quinn, Set Fair for Roanoke, 231.

  “It is to be feared”: David B. Quinn, Roanoke Voyages, 768.

  “the state of the country and savages”: Ibid., 523.

  “where Master Ralph Lane”: Ibid., 524.

  “and the disposition of the people”: Ibid., 526.

  “token or badge”: Ibid., 527.

  while a “fire arrow”: Ibid., 529.

  “it being so dark”: Ibid., 530.

  “Because this child”: Ibid., 532.

  “some controversies rose”: Ibid., 533.

  “I myself was wounded”: Ibid., 567.

  “the reason why the English”: Ibid., 791.

  “other debris indicating”: Ibid., 811.

  “Pressed as I am”: Padfield, Maritime Supremacy and the Opening of the Western Mind, 32.

  “much rain, thundering and great spouts”: David B. Quinn, Roanoke Voyages, 608.

  found the “secret token”: Ibid., 613.

  spotted another “great smoke”: Ibid., 610.

  “the light of a great fire”: Ibid., 613.

  houses were “taken down”: Ibid., 614.

  “and about the place”: Ibid., 615.

  “the savages our enemies”: Ibid., 616.

  “The whole existence of the colony”: Margaret F. and Dwayne W. Pickett, The European Struggle to Settle North America, 27.

  “where our planters were”: Ibid., 617.

  “Thus you may plainly perceive”: Ibid., 715.

  CHAPTER 5: A WHOLE COUNTRY OF ENGLISH

  “They were the best portrayals”: Kupperman, Roanoke, 129.

  concepts about the “noble savage”: West, Changing Presentation of the American Indian, 16.

  “I greatly joyed”: David B. Quinn, Roanoke Voyages, 616.

  “untimely death by murdering”: Knapp, Empire Nowhere, 170.

  “bound only for the relief”: Ibid., 94.

  “extremity of weather”: Trevelyan, Sir Walter Raleigh, 348.

  “It is the sinfulest thing”: Bacon, Essays, 110.

  “rare virtues in medicine”: Harriot, Briefe and True Report, 9.

  “All ships and goods are confiscate”: David B. Quinn, Raleigh and the British Empire, 215.

  “I shall yet live to see”: Trevelyan, Sir Walter Raleigh, 348.

  “forced and feared them”: Quinn and Quinn, English New England Voyages, 166.

  “gold is more plentiful”: Jonson, Chapman, Marston, Eastward Hoe! (A&C Black), 61.

  “Why, is she inhabited already”: Ibid., 60.

  “A whole country of English”: Ibid.

  “They shall have all the lands”: “First Charter of Virginia, April 10, 1606.”

  “a savage boy”: Percy, “Jamestown,” 4.

  Among today’s Hopi: Hedrick, “Hopi Indians, ‘Cultural’ Selection, and Albinism.”

  “a man of large stature”: Beverley and Campbell, History of Virginia, 48.

  “certain men clothed at a place”: Smith, “True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia,” 9.

  “short coats, and sleeves to the elbows”: Ibid.

  “where they have abundance of brass”: Ibid.

  “We had agreed with the king”: Ibid.

  “southward we went to some parts”: Smith, Travels and Works, 55.

  “Here Pasaphege and 2 of our own men”: General Archive of Simancas, Dept. of State, no. 2588, fol. 22.

  “Here the King of Pasapahegh”: Ibid.

  “the south sea, a mine of gold”: Smith, Journals, 102.

  “I am very hungry”: John Smith, The General Historie of Virginia, 302.

  “by throwing them overboard”: Mark Nicholls, “George Percy,” EncyclopediaVirginia.org.

  “made a hole to bury him”: Smith, Works, 1608–1631, 638.

  “You shall find a brave and fruitful seat”: U.S. Library of Congress, Records of the Virginia Company of London, 17.

  “true and sincere declaration”: Congressional Serial Set, 63.

  “men, women, and children”: Strachey, Historie of Travaile into Virginia Britannia, 85.

  “these unfortunate and betrayed people”: Strachey, Historie of Travaile.

  “have great care not to offend”: “Instructions for the Virginia Colony, 1606.”

  for “devilish treachery”: Purchas, Hakluytus Posthumus, 22.

  “this our earth is truly English”: Ibid., 228.

  “to search of the lost company”: Ashton, Adventures and Discourses of Captain John Smith, 178.

  “little hope and less certainty”: Ibid., 223.

  “a man full of all vanity”: Christopher M. Armitage, Literary and Visual Ralegh, 11.

  “the greatest Lucifer”: Burns, The Smoke of the Gods, 50.

  “Our situation is such”: Shirley, Thomas Harriot: Renaissance Scientist, 4.

  “I was never ambitious”: Ibid., 29.

  “the sovereign remedy”: Burton, Anatomy of Melancholy, 399.

  “emperor of Roanoke”: Trebellas, Fort Raleigh National Historic Site, 61.

  “These tell us, that several of their ancestors”: Lawson, New Voyage to Carolina, 66.

  “The smallpox and rum”: Ibid., 234.

  “perished miserably by famine”: Robertson, History of America: Books IX and X, no. 59, 31.

  “no trace was ever found”: Hinton, History and Topography of the United States, 1:22.

  “the germ of our institutions”: Bancroft, A History of the United States, vii.

  “disasters thickened” and “a tribe of savages”: Ibid., 119.

  “The further history of this neglected plantation”: Ibid., 121.

  “Imagination received no help”: Ibid., 123.

  “the first offspring”: Bancroft, A History of the United States, 106.

  “that paradise of the new world”: Weekly Raleigh Register, Nov. 9, 1835.

  “The fate of this last colony”: Cass, Speeches, Etc., 40.

  “I have thought of myself”: Clough and Hair, European Outthrust and Encounter, 3.

  “The attempts to knit together”: David B. Quinn, Set Fair for Roanoke, 231.

  “restrict himself to what is exactly”: Ibid., xv.

  “clouded by sentiment”: Ibid., 345.

  “enclosures for breeding rabbits”: Ibid., 351.

  “limitations, ambiguities, and omissions”: Ibid., xvii.

  “The story of the colonies”: Ibid., 399.

  CHAPTER 6: CHILD OF SCIENCE AND SLOW TIME

  “Medicine jar pottery”: Richard Gray, “Did Disease Drive Off Colonists on Roanoke Island?,” Daily Mail Online, June 22, 2016, www.dailymail.co.uk.

  “As soon as they had disembarked”: David B. Quinn, Roanoke Voyages, 835.

  “some old English coins”: Lawson, New Voyage to Carolina, 65.

  “to view the remains”: William S. Powell, Paradise Preserved, 23.

  “are but scanty”: Seaworthy, Nag’s Head, 126.

  “dense copses of live-oak”: Edward Bruce, “Loungings in the Footprints of the Pioneers,” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine, May 1860, 733.

  “Earth-work Built by Sir Walter Raleigh’s”: Johnson, Long Roll, 156.

  “but with little success”: “Roanoke Island,” Continental Monthly, May 1862, 551.

  “My early memories”: Elizabeth Dunbar, Talcott Williams, 82.

  “By little short of a miracle”: Williams, “Surroundings and Site of Raleigh’s Colony,” 61.

  “Today half of the old entrenchment”: William S. Powell, Paradise Preserved, 37.

  “These little objects have a unique”: J. C. Harrington, “Evidence of Manual Reckoning in the Cittie of Ralegh,” North Carolina Historical Review 33, no. 1 (1956): 10.

  “No physical remains of the settlers’ homes”: Ibid.

  “Every archaeologist dreams”: Stick, Outer Banks Reader, 255.

  “that the poison which the crucible”: Georg Agricola, De Re Metallica, 474.

  “sucking it through clay pipes”: Harriot, Briefe and True Report, 3.

  “That is to say, I hold an object”: McMullen, One White Crow, 23.

  “unknown whether fallen bodies”: Sumner, “Remote Sensing of the McMullen Site,” 20.

  “Since no mention is made”: Prentice, Fort Raleigh National Historic Site Archaeological Overview and Assessment, 176.

  “structures or some features”: Ibid., 182.

  “This harbor is the natural site”: Williams, “Surroundings and Site of Raleigh’s Colony,” 54.

  “of little strength”: David B. Quinn, Roanoke Voyages, 790.

  “no discernible pattern”: Prentice, Fort Raleigh National Historic Site Archaeological Overview and Assessment, 191.

  CHAPTER 7: A FOUR-HUNDRED-YEAR-OLD COVER-UP

  “It appears to have a central cross”: Ambers et al., “Examination of Patches on a Map of the East Coast of North America by John White,” British Museum Department of Conservation and Scientific Research, CSR Analytical Request No. AR2012021, 6, www.britishmuseum.org.

  “are difficult to interpret”: Ibid., 8.

  “the lines give the impression”: Ibid.

  “One other possible”: Ibid.

  “If your honor rub this powder”: Cooper, Queen’s Agent, 137.

  “The paper must be dipped”: Ibid.

  “The search for the colonists”: “Ancient Map Gives Clue to Fate of ‘Lost Colony,’ ” Telegraph, May 4, 2012, www.telegraph.co.uk.

  “Evidence of an early colonial presence”: Klingelhofer, “Progress Report on 2012–13 Multidisciplinary Research at Salmon Creek,” 12.

  “The possibility exists that it is Elizabethan”: Ibid.

  “It cannot be a coincidence”: Evans, Klingelhofer, and Luccketti, Archaeological Brief for Site X, 8.

  CHAPTER 8: POT OF BRASS

  “Everybody who lives here has a theory”: Gray, “Unearthing Clues to Lost Worlds.”

  “Dr. Phelps just went”: Catherine Kozak, “Signet Ring Crowned N.C. Archaeologist’s Career,” Virginian-Pilot, March 8, 2009, pilotonline.com.

  “a broad smile”: Catherine Kozak, “Buxton Crew Digs Up Possible Lost Colony Link: Gold Signet Ring Could Support Theory of a Trek to Hatteras,” Virginian-Pilot, Oct. 14, 1998, pilotonline.com.

  The Cape Creek ring: Charles Heath, “Postcontact Period European Trade Goods and Native Modified Objects from the Cape Creek Site (31Dr1),” app. 4. Unpublished manuscript.

  “is the first direct tie-in”: Pittman, “Myth in the Memory,” 158.

  “Signet Ring Crowned”: Kozak, “Signet Ring Crowned N.C. Archaeologist’s Career.”

  “a clattering bag of madness”: Leigh Holmwood, “First Night: BBC1’s Bonekickers,” Guardian, July 9, 2008, www.theguardian.com.

  “I googled Manteo”: DailyMail.com, “Town’s Shock as Residents from Mystery US ‘Twin’ Turn Up Bearing Gifts.”

  “The fashionable Elizabethan woman”: Picard, Elizabeth’s London: Everyday Life in Elizabethan London, 133.

  CHAPTER 9: REJOICING IN THINGS STARK NAUGHTY

  “bald of the head”: Patronato 265, R.60, General Archive of the Indies, Seville.

  “not to give or sell or lend”: Delbourgo and Dew, Science and Empire in the Atlantic World, 34.

  “suspicion of piracy”: David B. Quinn, England and the Discovery of America, 249.

  “enough to hang him”: Ibid.

  “I do bewail and lament”: Ewen, Golden Chalice, 10.

  “to clear the coasts”: Claire Jowitt, Pirates?, 34.

  as “Walsingham’s man”: David B. Quinn, England and the Discovery of America, 249.

  “and ransomed and tortured the men”: Ewen, Golden Chalice, 16.

  “He is gone back again to sea”: Ibid., 17.

  “a thorough-paced scoundrel”: David B. Quinn, England and the Discovery of America, 250.

  “the black stone”: Granger, A Biographical History of England, 324.

  “Fernando Simon”: Cotton Collection, Cotton Roll XIII.48, British Library.