he alone was formally dressed: Ibid.

  “Here was a man”: Kilgore quoted in Steinberg, The Man from Missouri, 288.

  “never seemed to have a problem”: Fields, My 21 Years in the White House, 187.

  “We went to the Waldorf: HST to MT, October 26; 1946, Truman, Letters from Father,81.

  Jefferson City stop: Time, November 11, 1946.

  “Probably no President”: Phillips, 161.

  12. Turning Point

  “This is a serious course”: PP, HST, March 12, 1947, 179.

  Lippmann on HST: Steel, Walter Lippmann and the American Century, 455.

  “My dear Harry”: WC to HST, May 12, 1947, quoted in Gilbert, Winston S. Churchill. Never Despair, 326.

  Acheson alone…was waiting: Acheson, Present at the Creation, 200.

  “The captain with the mighty heart”: Ibid., dedication page.

  “so fast they were falling all over”: Clark Clifford, author’s interview.

  Lilienthal in rain: Lilienthal Journals, Vol. I, 54.

  “the kind of grim gaiety”: Ibid., 118.

  “Oh, God, it was the chance”: Clifford, author’s interview.

  “now a free man”: Quoted in Time, April 7, 1947.

  “I’m doing as I damn please”: HST to EWT, November 18, 1946, Dear Bess, 540.

  “How can there be immunity”: Goldman, The Crucial Decade—And After, 29.

  “He told me that he would”: HST Diary, January 1, 1947, in Ferrell, ed, Off the Record, 107.

  “Bob is not austere”: Time, January 20, 1947.

  HST walks to Union Station: Ayers Diary, January 6, 1947, HSTL.

  “your appointment as Secretary of State”: Mosley, Marshall: Hero for Our Times, 390.

  “I thought that the continuing harping”: Cray, General of the Army, 17.

  Marshall did not possess the intellectual brilliance: Halle, The Cold War as History, 113.

  “It was a striking and commanding force”: Acheson, 140–41.

  exit office backwards: Paul Horgan, author’s interview.

  “He never made any speeches”: Miller, Plain Speaking, 251.

  “Sometimes he would sit”: Memoirs, Vol. II, 112.

  “He was a man you could count on”: Quoted in Miller, 250.

  “On the one hand”: Pogue, George C. Marshall. Statesman, 141–42.

  “He gave a sense of purpose”: Bohlen, Witness to History, 259.

  “Gentlemen, don’t fight”: Quoted in Pogue, 148.

  Acheson found working with the general: Lilienthal, Journals, Vol. II, 159.

  “The more I see and talk”: HST appointment sheet, February 18, 1947, Off the Record, 109.

  “Marshall is a tower”: HST Diary, May 7, 1948, ibid., 134.

  “I am surely lucky”: HST appointment sheet, February 18, 1947, ibid., 109.

  “He no longer moans”: Gaddis, The United States and the Origins of the Cold War,1941–1947, 347.

  “His eye is clear”: Quoted in Time, January 27, 1947.

  48 percent poll rating: Time, February 10, 1947.

  “They brought back all the pageantry”: West, with Kotz, Upstairs at the White House, 91.

  “The papers say today”: HST to MET and MJT, February 9, 1947, Off the Record, 108.

  “I was somewhat nervous”: HST to MET and MJT, February 13, 1947, HSTL.

  “despite all the denying”: West, 91.

  Lilienthal nomination hearings: Lilienthal, Journals, Vol. II, 141–42.

  “far from anger or temper”: Ibid., 141.

  “I believe in”: Ibid., Appendix B, 646–48.

  HST supports Lilienthal: Ibid., 144.

  Taft opposes nomination: Time, February 24, 1947.

  “Courage: What is it?”: Lilienthal, Journals, Vol. II, 160.

  “Now Mary, don’t you work too hard”: HST to MET and MJT, February 27, 1947, HSTL.

  Lincoln McVeigh reported rumors: Memoirs, Vol. II, 99.

  Greece a “ripe plum”: Ibid.

  “little hope of independent survival”: Quoted in Donovan, Conflict and Crisis, 277.

  “the only one in Government”: Gaddis, 346, note.

  “It is not alarmist”: Quoted in Pogue, 164.

  “The Soviet Union was playing”: Acheson, 219.

  Vandenberg told the President: Ibid.

  “and I expressed my emphatic”: Memoirs, Vol. II, 103.

  Mexico City visit: Newsweek, March 17, 1947.

  Clifford memo: appears in full in Krock, Memoirs, Appendix, 419–82.

  “The impact of having it all”: George Elsey, Oral History, HSTL.

  “If we go in”: Matt Connelly Papers, HSTL.

  most important of his career: Ayers Diary, March 8, 1947, HSTL.

  “I believe it must be”: Clifford, Counsel to the President, 136.

  “too much rhetoric”: Bohlen, 261.

  “If you take his advice”: Lilienthal, Journals, Vol. II, 163.

  “I want no hedging”: Memoirs, Vol. II, 105.

  Truman Doctrine speech: PP, HST, March 12, 1947, 176–80.

  “Well, I told my wife”: Time, March 24, 1947.

  “A vague global policy”: Quoted in Steel, 438–39.

  a “universal pattern”: Hartmann, Truman and the 80th Congress, 61.

  would “of course” act: Acheson, 225.

  “I guess the do-gooders”: Newsweek, March 24, 1947.

  “If Mr. L is a communist”: HST, draft unreleased statement, March 1947, Off the Record, 113.

  “no part of a communist”: Vandenberg, ed., The Private Papers of Senator Vandenberg, 355.

  “the most important thing”: Lilienthal, Journals, Vol. II, 166.

  “[He is] very strongly anti-FBI”: Clark Clifford Papers, HSTL.

  “The long tenure”: Martin, My First Fifty Years in Politics, 163.

  “I am not worried”: PP, HST, April 3, 1947, 190.

  “It was a political problem”: Bernstein, Loyalties, 195–98.

  “The Republicans are now taking”: Frank McNaughton Papers, March 28, 1948, HSTL.

  “If I can prevent”: HST to EW, September 27, 1947, Dear Bess, 550.

  “Yes, it was terrible”: Joseph Rauh quoted in Bernstein, 196.

  “I think it’s one of the proudest”: Clifford, author’s interview.

  “There was much to be done”: Memoirs, Vol. II, 104.

  “You don’t sit down”: Elsey, Oral History, HSTL.

  Kennan leaves the room: Kennan, Memoirs, 328, note.

  meeting with newspaper editors: PP, HST, April 7, 1947, 207–10.

  “He was…an extremely thoughtful”: Elsey, Oral History, HSTL.

  “When he went to lunch”: Quoted in Heller, The Truman White House, 46.

  “Lots of times I would be”: Clifford, author’s interview.

  “He spent virtually every waking”: Quoted in Heller, 119.

  HST would like to have been history teacher: Ayers Diary, April 26, 1947, HSTL.

  Clifford insists HST not be FDR: Markel, “Truman As the Crucial Third Year Opens.”

  “In many ways President Truman”: Quoted in Heller, 120.

  “It just has to be said”: Elsey, author’s interview.

  “There is nothing in life”: Quoted in Farrar, Reluctant Servant, 195.

  “priceless gift of vitality”: Acheson, 730.

  the nation “again has leaders”: Hardeman and Bacon, Rayburn: A Biography, 328.

  Marshall’s return of April 26, 1947: Memoirs, Vol. II, 112; Bohlen, 262–63; Kennan, 325.

  The Soviets, it seemed: Marshall quoted in Pogue, 196.

  “The patient is sinking”: Ibid., 200.

  “Avoid trivia”: Kennan, 326.

  Clayton memo: Pogue, 206.

  Marshall speech: Mosley, 404–05.

  “We grabbed the lifeline”: Quoted in Pogue, 217.

  “play it straight”: Bohlen, 264.

  part played by Acheson: Clark Clifford address, American Ditchley Foundation, April 5, 1984.

  “anything that is sent up”: Clifford, author’s interview.

  Halle’s comments on staff: Halle, 115–16.

  “And you and I have both lived”: Quoted in Miller, 264.

  “While he was responding”: Truman, Harry S. Truman, 383.

  “If she wants to be a warbler”: HST to MET and MJT, January 30, 1947, HSTL.

  “She’s one nice girl”: HST to MET and MJT, February 19, 1947, HSTL.

  Mrs. Thomas J. Strickler: Kansas City Star, April 18, 1946.

  “Margaret went to New York”: HST to MET and MJT, January 30, 1947, HSTL. ’

  “Here’s a little dough”: HST to MT, February 28, 1947, Truman, Letters from Father, 89.

  Margaret Truman’s radio debut: Kansas City Star, March 7, 8, 9, and 17, 1947.

  “Perhaps, sheer naivete”: Truman, Souvenir, 162.

  “Wish I could go along”: HST to MT, May 14, 1947, Truman, Letters from Father, 92.

  “Whenever she wakes up”: Time, June 2, 1947.

  “When I say all Americans”: PP, HST, June 29, 1947, 311–13.

  “I did not believe”: White, A Man Called White, 348.

  “Almost without exception”: White, How Far the Promised Land, 74.

  he meant “every word of it”: White, A Man Called White, 348.

  “But I believe what I say”: HST to MJT, June 28, 1947, HSTL.

  reminiscing to Bess: HST to EWT, July 26, 1947, Dear Bess, 549.

  “Goodbye, Harry”: HST Diary, November 24, 1952, Off the Record, 275.

  “Well, now she won’t have to suffer”: Steinberg, The Man from Missouri, 295.

  “Everything had changed”: Truman, Souvenir, 174.

  “I couldn’t hold a press conference”: PP, HST, August 5, 1948, 365.

  “Someday you’ll be an orphan”: HST to MT, August 1, 1947, Truman, Letters from Father, 96.

  “You should call your mamma”: HST to MT, December 3, 1947, Truman, Harry S. Truman, 404–05.

  “I called up Daddy”: Truman, Souvenir, 191.

  a hit as a vaudeville team: Daniels, “The Lady from Independence,” McCall’s, April 1949.

  She would laugh so hard: Parks and Leighton, My Thirty Years Backstage at the White House, 28.

  “She’s the only lady I know”: Randall Jessee quoted in the Dallas Morning News, February 9, 1976.

  “Mrs. Truman came with great apologies”: Marquis Childs, author’s interview.

  “the white gloves type”: Reathel Odum, author’s interview.

  “They both had the gift”: Nixon, In the Arena, 231.

  “one of the finest women”: Robert Lovett, Oral History, HSTL.

  HST’s reliance on Bess: Quoted in Means, “What Three Presidents Say About Their Wives,” Good Housekeeping, August 1963.

  Bess laughs at pretensions: Daniels, “The Lady from Independence.”

  “And then…the minute the doors”: Lindy Boggs, author’s interview.

  “Propriety was a much stronger influence”: Alice Acheson, author’s interview.

  “Just keep on smiling”: Truman, Bess W. Truman, 265.

  “She didn’t want to discuss”: Margaret Truman Daniel, author’s interview.

  Bess Truman questionnaire: Time, November 10, 1947.

  “She seems to think Harry”: Asbury, “Meet Harry’s Boss, Bess,” Collier’s, February 2, 1949.

  Bess interested in Monroe administration: Daniels, “The Lady from Independence.”

  “Mrs, Truman was no fussier”: West, 83.

  “might as well have been in Independence”: J. B. West, author’s interview.

  “And he listened to her”: Ibid.

  Bess’s emotional separation: Truman, Bess W. Truman, 272.

  “Suppose Miss Lizzie”: HST to EN, June 22, 1949, Off the Record, 157.

  “Marshall and Lovett”: HST to EWT, September 23, 1947, Dear Bess, 549–50.

  “Yesterday was one of the most hectic”: HST to EW, September 30, 1947, ibid., 550–51.

  “Twenty-nine years!”: HST to EWT, June 28, 1948, Dear Bess, 554.

  Greta Kempton portrait: Greta Kempton, author’s interview; Kempton letter to the author, June 20, 1984; Kempton, “Painting the Truman Family,” Missouri Historical ’ Review, April 1973; “An Interview with Greta Kempton,” Whistlestop, Vol. 15, no. 2, 1987.

  a handwritten note from Churchill: Gilbert, Winston Churchill. Never Despair, 351.

  “In all the history of the world”: HST speech draft, undelivered, April 1948, Off the Record, 133.

  13. The Heat in the Kitchen

  Eisenhower again declined: Donovan, Conflict and Crisis, 338.

  “Mr. Truman was a realist”: Quoted in Phillips, The Truman Presidency, 197, note.

  “give everything”: Ayers Diary, January 19, 1948, HSTL.

  “Aside from the impossible”: HST to MET and MJT, November 14, 1947, HSTL.

  “President Truman did not want to run”: Quoted in Donovan, 338.

  “blessed with a tough hide”: Phillips, 140.

  “The greatest ambition”: Quoted in Ross, The Loneliest Campaign, 9.

  “get into the fight”: Memoirs, Vol. II, 171–72.

  “What I wanted to do personally”: Ibid., 174.

  speech before Congress: PP, HST, January 7, 1948, 1.

  message to Congress: Ibid., February 2, 1948, 121.

  press conference on civil rights: Ibid., February 5, 1948.

  black Democrats at rear table: Time, March 1, 1948.

  “But my very stomach turned”: Truman, Harry S. Truman, 429.

  Privately could speak of “niggers”: Rex Scouten, author’s interview; Miller, Plain Speaking, 195.

  “Harry is no more”: Jonathan Daniels interview with Mary Jane Truman, October 2, 1949, HSTL.

  “The main difficulty”: HST to Ernest W. Roberts, August 18, 1948, in Ferrell, ed., Off the Record, 146.

  murder of four blacks: To Secure These Rights: Report of the President’s Committee on Civil Rights, 22.

  “The wonderful, wonderful development”: Clark Clifford, author’s interview.

  “strike for new high ground”: Quoted in Ross, 19.

  Clifford on golf course: David Acheson, author’s interview.

  Clifford decided not to tell HST: Clifford, author’s interview.

  “This is, as you know”: James Rowe, Jr., to William Sand, July 8, 1971.

  “In the Roosevelt and Truman years”: George Elsey, author’s interview.

  “The Politics of 1948”: Memorandum by James H. Rowe, Jr., Miscellaneous Historical Documents, HSTL.

  “We were telling the President”: James H. Rowe, Jr., author’s interview.

  HST kept memo in bottom drawer: Ibid.

  “To a politician of Harry Truman’s”: Washington Post, undated, Vertical Files, HSTL.

  Hill and Sparkman call for HST’s resignation: Ayers Diary, March 23, 1948, HSTL.

  instant disapproval: Washington Star, May 25, 1965.

  “Back Porch Harry”: Time, January 26, 1948.

  Jefferson himself: PP, HST, April 15, 1948, 217–18.

  Washington Star: Donovan, 351.

  “The awnings you will remember”: HST to MJT, January 30, 1948, HSTL.

  “Had to be renewed”: HST to George Rothwell Brown, January 20, 1948, HSTL.

  danger of second floor falling: Ayers Diary, March 6, 1948, HSTL.

  Ross “terrifically upset”: Ibid., February 6, 1948, HSTL.

  “You can guard yourself: Ibid., December 30, 1947, HSTL.

  his most difficult dilemma: Truman, Harry S. Truman, 416.

  “humanly possible”: Chicago Tribune, April 15, 1948.

  “could not be allowed to continue”: Memoirs, Vol. II, 138.

  “definitely and preeminently”: Harrison quoted in Eban, An Autobiography, 59.

  “would they be welcomed”: Ibid.

  Niles sensed HST’s sympathy with Jews: Steinberg, The Man from Missouri, 304.

  “I’m a man of no importance”: Steinberg, “Mr. Truman’s Mystery Man,” Saturday Evening Post, December 24, 1949.

  “just politics”: Clifford, author’s interview.

  “And his own reading”: Weisberger, interview with Clark Clifford, American Heritage, December 28, 1976.

  justice not oil: HST quoted in Wallace, The Price of Vision, 607.

  no wish to send American troops: PP, HST, August 6, 1945, 228.

  “What I am trying to do”: HST to Joseph H. Ball, November 24, 1945, unsent, HSTL.

  “The action of some of our American Zionists”: Truman, Harry S. Truman, 420.

  he wished more people: Donovan, 319

  “I am not a New Yorker”: Quoted in Wallace, 605

  “Terror and Silver”: HST Memorandum to David Niles, May 13, 1947, HSTL.

  “Jesus Christ couldn’t please them”: Quoted in Wallace, 607.

  “I’m so tired”: HST to MJT, February 11, 1948, HSTL.

  not a great many Arab constituents: Donovan, 322.

  Forrestal thought less of HST: Forrestal Diaries, 309, 363.

  “Kaplan sells shirts”: Quoted in Donovan, 317.

  “And when the day came”: Washington Star and Daily News, December 31, 1972.

  “carelessly pro-Zionist”: Jenkins, Truman, 116.

  Kennan on Palestine: Pogue, George C. Marshall: Statesman. 356.

  Henderson worried about consequences: The New York Times, March 26, 1986.

  “Some White House men”: Daniels, The Man of Independence, 317.

  “Look here, Loy”: Loy Henderson, Oral History, HSTL.

  “conflicting objectives”: Rusk, As I Saw It, 147–48.

  “I know how Marshall feels”: Quoted in Daniels, 318.

  “We went for it”: Clark Clifford interview with Jonathan Daniels, October 26, 1949.

  Eddie Jacobson account: Washington Post, May 6, 1973.

  “he [Truman] and he alone”: Ibid.

  Jewish delegation swept up: The New York Times, November 30, 1947.

  “There were Jews in tears”: Eban, 99.

  “a triumphant vindication”: The New York Times, November 30, 1947.

  turning point in history: New York Herald-Tribune, November 30, 1947.

  “one of the few great acts”: Ibid., December 1, 1947.

  “push the Jews”: Weisberger interview with Clark Clifford, American Heritage, December 28, 1976.

  Forrestal report to HST: Forrestal Diaries, March 4, 1948, 386.

  “Things look black”: HST to MT, March 3, 1948, Truman, Letters from Father, 108.