“biography on the gallop”: Ibid., p. 151.

  “the best short life”: Brady, Ida Tarbell, p. 91.

  “I have often wished”: IMT, All in the Day’s Work, p. 152.

  “His insight told him”: Ibid., p. 161.

  “could think of nothing”: Gilder, “When McClure’s Began,” McClure’s (August 1912), p. 75.

  “Out with you”: Lyon, Success Story, p. 134.

  “all there was worth . . . so hopeless an assignment”: IMT, All in the Day’s Work, p. 163.

  “They got a girl”: Lyon, Success Story, p. 135.

  “plan of campaign . . . humble and unknown”: IMT, All in the Day’s Work, p. 164.

  McClure covered all her expenses . . . scrutinized multiple drafts: Brady, Ida Tarbell, p. 99.

  “It is not only”: “Miss Tarbell’s Life of Lincoln,” McClure’s (January 1896), p. 206.

  McClure’s circulation . . . reached a quarter of a million: Lyons, Success Story, p. 137.

  exceeding both the Century and Harper’s Monthly: Brady, Ida Tarbell, p. 98.

  “great power to stir”: IMT, All in the Day’s Work, p. 154.

  “Here’s a man”: Ibid., p. 156.

  “that Sam had three hundred”: Brady, Ida Tarbell, p. 113.

  “I found the place”: IMT, All in the Day’s Work, p. 160.

  allowed her to get on “capitally”: IMT to [Tarbell family], Feb. 26, 1893, IMTC.

  “came and went”: IMT, All in the Day’s Work, p. 159.

  blue eyes “glowed and sparkled”: Ibid., p. 119.

  “a stroke of genius”: Ibid., p. 154.

  “the sense of vitality . . . good comradeship”: Ibid., p. 153.

  The next “permanent acquisition”: Ibid., p. 196.

  “an honest paper”: Semonche, Ray Stannard Baker, p. 77.

  “farmers, tinkers”: Ray Stannard Baker, Native American: The Book of My Youth (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1942), p. 244.

  “every human being”: Ibid., p. 22.

  “a wider field . . . import and value”: RSB to his father, Jan. 16, 1898, RSB Papers.

  “a devoted admirer . . . alive and talking”: RSB, American Chronicle, p. 77.

  “something fresh”: Ibid., p. 78.

  “To say that I was awed”: Ibid., pp. 78–79.

  “It took my breath . . . or anywhere else”: Ibid., pp. 79–80.

  “It ‘breaks me all up’ ”: RSB to J. Stannard Baker, Feb. 1, 1898, RSB Papers.

  “This is a magnificent”: RSB to J. Stannard Baker, Mar. 25, 1898, RSB Papers.

  “I like them”: RSB to J. Stannard Baker, Sept. 17, 1898, RSB Papers.

  “a capital team worker . . . anything else about him”: IMT, All in the Day’s Work, pp. 196–97.

  “fishing and hunting . . . lumber camps”: RSB, Native American, p. 11.

  he married Alice Potter . . . “resident agent”: Robert C. Bannister, Jr., Ray Stannard Baker: The Mind and Thought of a Progressive (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1966), p. 4.

  “Ours was a house”: RSB, Native American, p. 38.

  “How well I remember”: Ibid., p. 26.

  “a prodigious story-teller”: Ibid., p. 48.

  “into the lives and sorrows”: Ibid., p. 45.

  “My reading was always”: Ibid., p. 47.

  Ray assumed responsibility: Semonche, Ray Stannard Baker, p. 21.

  “It went through me”: RSB, Native American, p. 128.

  “a great waste of time”: Ibid., p. 163.

  “details and facts”: Ibid., p. 164.

  “the one thing I needed”: Ibid., p. 169.

  well liked in college . . . at the top of his class: Semonche, Ray Stannard Baker, pp. 34, 40.

  “When the time comes . . . successful in any employment”: RSB, Native American, p. 220.

  “I felt as though”: Ibid., p. 223.

  “Experience soon fades”: Ibid., p. 237.

  until his brother Harry . . . replaced him: Semonche, Ray Stannard Baker, p. 44.

  “good working order” of society: Bannister, Ray Stannard Baker, p. 39.

  Baker signed up . . . to question the laissez-faire economic principles: Semonche, Ray Stannard Baker, p. 50.

  “anathema” to his father: RSB, Native American, pp. 284–85.

  “with the greatest fervor . . . thirsty spirit”: Ibid., p. 255.

  “I did not make this”: Ibid., p. 256.

  “Great stuff, Baker”: Ibid., p. 297.

  “glimpses, street scenes”: Ibid., pp. 291–92.

  Ray tried to convince his father: RSB to J. Stannard Baker, Dec. 21, 1892, RSB Papers.

  “There are thousands”: RSB to J. Stannard Baker, Dec. 15, 1893, RSB Papers.

  “plenty of people . . . plenty of work”: RSB, Native American, pp. 286–87.

  “The miserable living conditions”: Ibid., p. 288.

  “in the event . . . feels in the same way”: RSB to J. Stannard Baker, Jan. 3, 1894, RSB Papers.

  “I began to know . . . earn a living”: Vivian Graff Rosenberg, Turn of the Century American Journalist, Home-Spun Philosopher, Ray Stannard Baker (Privately printed, 1977), p. 69.

  incredible “power of the press”: RSB, American Chronicle, p. 12.

  “there appeared”: Ibid., pp. 17–18.

  “a grand adventure”: Ibid., p. 27.

  “the police seemed”: Rosenberg, Turn of the Century American Journalist, p. 72.

  “Coxey’s eventful march . . . an act of God”: Louis L. Snyder and Richard B. Morris, eds., A Treasury of Great Reporting: “Literature Under Pressure” from the Sixteenth Century to Our Own Time (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1962), p. 222.

  “vanished in thin air”: RSB, American Chronicle, p. 25.

  “benevolent-looking, bearded”: Ibid., p. 35.

  “the wildest confusion”: Ibid.

  it was later proved . . . $25 million: Pringle, Life and Times, Vol. 1, p. 132.

  the predatory hold of the Pullman monopoly must be broken: RSB, American Chronicle, p. 38.

  “nothing to arbitrate . . . business of the company”: Ibid., p. 38.

  “putting the torch”: Ibid., p. 39.

  “It does seem”: J. Stannard Baker to RSB, July 6 & 10, 1894, in Bannister, Ray Stannard Baker, p. 51.

  “in the midst of the mob . . . toughs and outsiders”: Testimony of RSB, Hutchinson [KS] News, Aug. 21, 1894.

  “honeymoon as a newspaper . . . the trouble ended”: RSB, American Chronicle, pp. 45–46.

  “the greatest popular orator”: Ibid., p. 62.

  “The essential impression”: Ibid., p. 63.

  “the commonplace” . . . “the spectacular”: Ibid., p. 45.

  “somewhat low . . . as a writer”: Ibid., p. 77.

  “Suddenly and joyously . . . to write about it”: Ibid., p. 84.

  “What’s the Matter with Kansas?” . . . “wild-eyed” rhetoric: WAW, The Autobiography of William Allen White (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1946), p. 281.

  “That’s the stuff!”: Ibid., p. 282.

  “more widely than any other . . . in a dozen years”: Ibid., p. 284.

  “I had seen cities . . . English poets were their friends”: Ibid., pp. 300–301.

  “the smile of . . . a poet”: Walter Johnson, William Allen White’s America (New York: Henry Holt & Co., 1947), p. 19.

  “his affection and loyalty”: IMT, All in the Day’s Work, p. 259.

  White’s “love of life . . . high spirits”: RSB, American Chronicle, p. 224.

  “call on them whenever”: Lyon, Success Story, p. 150.

  “The McClure group . . . had real influence”: WAW, The Autobiography, p. 301.

  “never yielded . . . went back to Kansas”: RSB, American Chronicle, p. 223.

  His family lived in “the best house”: WAW, The Autobiography, p. 69.

  “I look back upon”: Ibid., p. 61.

  “to get a breeze”: Ibid., p. 42.

  “somebody . . . to the ruling class”: Ibid., pp. 61–62.

  “devoted and adoring . . . bowed down”: Ibid., p. 25.

  “In that Elysian childhood”: Ibid., p. 26.

  “He was so good-natured”: Johnson, William Allen White’s America, p. 10.

  Summer days were spent . . . a boy’s paradise: WAW, The Autobiography, pp. 45–46.

  “I remember as a child”: Johnson, William Allen White’s America, pp. 19–20.

  “distinguished citizens”: WAW, The Autobiography, p. 67.

  “I was not without”: Ibid., p. 83.

  “Here . . . was a novel . . . a new door”: Ibid., p. 106.

  his “life’s calling”: Ibid., pp. 109, 113.

  “establish a home”: Ibid., p. 136.

  “a babble of clamoring voices”: Ibid., p. 144.

  “natural laws . . . the laboring classes”: Goldman, Rendezvous with Destiny, p. 113.

  “As I look back”: WAW, The Autobiography, pp. 143–44.

  “ceased to be a student”: Ibid., p. 176.

  “We have three crops”: Latham, The Panic of 1893, p. 15.

  “police power . . . with a public interest”: Kermit L. Hall, ed., The Oxford Guide to the United States Supreme Court Decisions (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999), p. 203.

  The justices denied the state’s regulatory power: Ibid., p. 321.

  “reasonable and just”: Interstate Commerce Commission Act of 1887 (24 Stat. 379).

  “It satisfies the public”: Gary M. Walton and Hugh Rockoff, History of the American Economy (San Diego, CA: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1990), p. 338.

  “Liberty produces wealth . . . instead of servant”: Henry Demarest Lloyd, Wealth Against Commonwealth (New York: Harper & Bros., 1902), pp. 2, 494.

  “Wall Street owns . . . wages deny them!”: Mary K. Lease, quoted in Levine, Who Built America?, p. 147.

  “We meet in the midst . . . people must own the railroads”: Edward McPherson, A Handbook of Politics for 1892 (Washington, DC: J. J. Chapman, 1892), pp. 269ff.

  “We prideful ones”: WAW, The Autobiography, p. 183.

  “demagogic rabble-rousing . . . blinded by my birthright”: Ibid., p. 187.

  “pinheaded, anarchistic crank[s]”: Miller, Theodore Roosevelt: A Life, p. 218.

  “representatives of those forces”: TR, “The Menace of the Demagogue,” in WTR, Vol. 14, p. 264.

  “The ‘best citizens’ ”: WAW, The Autobiography, p. 191.

  “the first wave”: Ibid., pp. 193–94.

  “the black hand . . . for fifty years”: Ibid., pp. 215–16.

  becoming his “own master”: Ibid., p. 256.

  “I want to live”: Johnson, William Allen White’s America, p. 76.

  “The new editor”: WAW, The Autobiography, pp. 260–61.

  “the best-known”: Johnson, William Allen White’s America, p. 4.

  “was the beginning”: WAW, The Autobiography, p. 286.

  “seems big . . . just our size”: McClure to John S. Phillips, April 21, 1897, Phillips MSS.

  “one of the best journalists”: C. C. Regier, The Era of the Muckrakers (Gloucester, MA: Peter Smith, 1957), p. 59.

  “Jaccaci probed . . . clinched” the deal: LS, The Autobiography, p. 358.

  “like springing up”: Ibid., p. 359.

  “He was a flower . . . compromise and peace”: Ibid., pp. 361–64.

  “young, handsome . . . society, the press”: IMT, All in the Day’s Work, pp. 198–99.

  “entirely in harmony”: Ibid., p. 199.

  “associates in the . . . long friendship”: RSB, American Chronicle, p. 221.

  “as a kind of Socratic”: Ibid., p. 221.

  “his most consistent pose”: Robert Stinson, Lincoln Steffens (New York: Frederick Ungar, 1979), p. 1.

  “My story is”: LS, The Autobiography, p. 3.

  “paints, oils and glass”: Ibid., p. 7.

  “palatial residence”: Justin Kaplan, Lincoln Steffens: A Biography (New York: Touchstone, 1974), p. 17.

  “If I left home promptly”: LS, The Autobiography, p. 34.

  befriended a bridge-tender: Ibid., p. 28.

  “in on the know . . . big killings”: Ibid., p. 37.

  “Bribery!”: Ibid., p. 48.

  “Nothing was what”: Ibid., p. 47.

  “the best private school”: Ibid., p. 112.

  “brought up to do their duty”: Ibid., p. 111.

  “stored in compartments . . . to anything else”: Ibid., p. 119.

  “My father listened . . . his interest and retire”: Ibid., p. 128.

  having received love “so freely”: Ibid., p. 77.

  Not until his own son was born: Kaplan, Lincoln Steffens, p. 21.

  “She stands next”: LS to Elizabeth Steffens, Feb. 1, 1891, LS Papers.

  “My dear son”: LS, The Autobiography, p. 169.

  “on space . . . he told me his”: Ibid., pp. 172–73.

  “I came to love . . . a live city”: Ibid., pp. 180–81.

  “cool, dull”: Ibid., p. 184.

  “was a dismal time . . . in the ruin”: Ibid., p. 187.

  “successful men . . . stop to question”: Ibid., p. 192.

  “the gentleman reporter . . . accuracy and politeness”: LS to Joseph Steffens, Jan. 18, 1893, in Lincoln Steffens, Ella Winter, Granville Hicks, and Carl Sandburg, eds., The Letters of Lincoln Steffens, Vol. 1 (New York: Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1938), pp. 88–89.

  “confide in me . . . worth it all”: LS to Joseph Steffens, Mar. 18, 1893, in ibid., pp. 91–92.

  “The Evening Post . . . my field, my chance”: LS to Joseph Steffens, Nov. 3, 1893, in ibid., pp. 97–98.

  Long opposed to the Tammany regime . . . were delighted to document Parkhurst’s findings: LS, The Autobiography, p. 193.

  “a vigilant and well-informed press”: “Interview with S. S. McClure,” The North American (Philadelphia), August [n.d.], 1905.

  CHAPTER EIGHT: “Like a Boy on Roller Skates”

  Lincoln Steffens was relaxing: LS, The Autobiography, p. 257.

  Jacob Riis heralded . . . of Little Italy: Morris, The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt, p. 482.

  “head forward”: LS, “The Real Roosevelt,” Ainslee’s Magazine (December 1898), p. 481.

  “Hello, Jake . . . “What do we do first?’ ”: LS, The Autobiography, p. 257.

  “It was all breathless”: Ibid., p. 258.

  An immigrant from Denmark . . . the same year: Thaddeus Seymour, Jr., “A Progressive Partnership: Theodore Roosevelt and the Reform Press—Riis, Steffens, Baker and White (Muckrakers),” PhD diss., University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1985, p. 35.

  his “life-work” in journalism: Jacob A. Riis, The Making of an American (New York: Grosset & Dunlap, 1901), p. 197.

  “Being the ‘boss’ ”: Ibid., p. 202.

  “The sights I saw there”: Ibid., p. 267.

  neglected “repairs and”: Jacob Riis, How the Other Half Lives: Studies Among the Tenements of New York (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1890), p. 4.

  “Only Riis wrote”: LS, The Autobiography, p. 204.

  “beautiful stories”: Ibid., p. 205.

  When he narrated . . . the problems were redressed: Ibid., p. 204.

  “Why” he asked: Riis, The Making of an American, p. 349.

  “The remedy”: Riis, How the Other Half Lives, p. 4.

  “Truly, I lay no claim”: Riis, The Making of an American, pp. 309, 317.

  “I cannot conceive”: JRL quoted in Riis, The Making of an American, p. 308.

  “both an enlightenment”: TR, An Autobiography, p. 169.

  “go a long way”: TR, “Reform Through Social Work: Some Forces That Tell for Decency in New York City,” McClure’s (March 1901), p. 453.

  “hysterical . . . sentimental excess”: Ibid.

  read the book and “had come”: Jacob Riis, “Theodore Roosevelt,” American Monthly Review of Reviews (August 1900), p. 182.

  “exposing jobbery” . . . city’s closets: Ibid., p. 181.

  “I loved him”: Jacob Riis, The Making of an American, p. 328.

  “one of my truest”: TR, “Jacob Riis,” Outlook, June 6, 1914, p. 284.

  “two sides . . . were hardest”: TR, An Autobiography, p. 170.

  “He had the most flaming . . . mere preacher”: TR, “Jacob Riis,” Outlook, June 6, 1914, p. 284.

  “who looked at life”: TR, An Autobiography, p. 169.

  “He is a personal friend”: TR to Horace E. Scudder, Aug. 16, 1895, in LTR, Vol. 1, p. 472.

  his “state of mind” . . . “wise” mentors: Stinson, Lincoln Steffens, p. 143.

  “With astonishment”: LS, The Autobiography, p. 248.

  “One police captain”: LS to Joseph Steffens, Dec. 15, 1894, in LS et al., Letters of Lincoln Steffens, Vol. 1, p. 107.

  a sizable fortune of $350,000: Morris, The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt, p. 485.

  Alec “Clubber” Williams . . . the Lexow Committee: LS, The Autobiography, p. 252.

  “supreme gift . . . explain themselves”: NYT, Aug. 10, 1936.

  “a clean breast . . . the whole rotten business”: LS, The Autobiography, p. 273.

  “on the square”: Ibid.

  “full publicity”: Bishop, Theodore Roosevelt and His Time, Vol. 1, p. 59.

  “in almost daily”: Ibid., p. 62.

  “There began between”: Ibid., p. 58.

  “No political influence”: LS, “The Real Roosevelt,” Ainslee’s Magazine (December 1898), p. 481.

  “would spare no man”: LS, Scrapbook 1, LS Papers.

  a route mapped out in advance: Riis, The Making of an American, p. 330.

  those whom he discovered sleeping: New York Sun, June 8, 1895.

  “What’s that . . . fan him to death”: Pringle, Theodore Roosevelt, A Biography, p. 139.

  “A sorrier-looking set”: New York Evening Post, June 7, 1895.

  “Roosevelt on Patrol”: New York Sun, June 8, 1895, Clipping Scrapbook, TRC.

  “patrolman hunt . . . a new epoch”: New York Sun, June 8, 1895, Clipping Scrapbook, TRC.

  “Police Commissioner Roosevelt”: San Antonio [TX] Daily Light, June 14, 1895.

  became an alluring subject: Morris, The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt, p. 495.

  “A pair of gold-mounted”: New York Sun, June 23, 1895.

  “Few men”: Chanler, Roman Spring, p. 196.

  “These midnight rambles”: TR to ARC, June 23, 1895, in LTR, Vol. 1, p. 463.

  “though each meant”: TR to ARC, June 16, 1895, in ibid., p. 462.