as president, 124

  Kabila Kabange, Joseph, xii, 22, 118, 125–26, 200, 240, 265

  on artisanal mining, 214

  bust of, 127

  Gertler, D., and, 127–29, 132–34, 170

  Kagame negotiating with, 135

  Muyej on, 241

  as president, 132, 209

  Kabundji, 289

  Kafwaya, 287

  child labor in, 289

  Kagame, Paul, Kabila Kabange negotiating with, 135

  Kahfi, Abdul, 326

  Kajumba Kilanga, Odilon, xii, 17, 19, 21, 23, 26, 33, 99–100, 151, 158, 202, 238, 239, 337

  on cave-ins, 334

  family background of, 38–39

  in Kolwezi, 27, 160

  Kakama mine, 160

  Kalala, 227, 228, 229, 232–34

  in DRC, 234–35

  Kalasa, Patrick Masengo, 21

  Kalonji Ditunga, Albert, 45

  Kamanyola Stadium, 88, 98, 124

  Kamoa-Kakula, 299

  Kamoto Copper Company (KCC), 3, 98–99, 164, 206

  accidents at, 273–74

  as closed loop system, 273–74

  Donkin on, 272–74

  Glencore and, 332

  labor conditions at, 271–72

  Kamoto mine, 138

  Kamoto Oliveira Virgule, 98–99

  Kamoto Treatment Center (KTC), 271

  Kampala, 350

  Kamungu, Vital, 214–15, 216

  Kansuki, 137

  Kapanga, André, 269

  Kapuściński, Ryszard, 342

  Karavia Hotel, 116–17

  Kasai region, 32, 345

  Kasulo, 25, 221–23, 237

  creuseurs at, 224–26

  Kasumbalesa, 156, 299

  Katanga, 17–18, 20, 21

  ecology of, 27–28

  elites in, 33

  exploitation of, 372

  foreign investment in, 162

  geology of, 30–31

  history of, 28–30, 372

  Katumba Mwanke as governor of, 161–62

  parallel economy in, 167

  secession, 49–50

  separatism in, 348

  Katanga Business (film), 171

  Katanga Luba, 339

  Katanga Mining Ltd., 164, 206–7

  royalty payments of, 277

  Katebe Katoto, Raphaël, 161, 168

  Katebi Beach Lodge, 241

  Katumba Mwanke, Augustin, 114, 124–25, 241

  Anvil Mining and, 167–68

  in China, 208

  death of, 208, 209

  on Gécamines, 85–86

  Gertler, D., and, 135, 137–38, 153–54, 165–66

  as governor of Katanga, 161–62

  Jewels and, 117–18

  Kabila, L.-D., and, 126–27

  Kabila Kabange, J., and, 132–33

  Katumbi Chapwe, Moïse, 152, 225–26, 241

  family of, 161

  on illegal trade, 228

  Kavanagh, Michael J., 170, 224

  Kavul, Onasis, 22

  Kawama, 154

  Kawasi, 330

  Kayembe, Jean-Jacques, 242

  Kazadi Kamwanga, Jeeftour, 8, 57, 168, 175–76, 228, 262, 286, 339, 340–41, 344–45, 378

  KCC. See Kamoto Copper Company

  Kellogg, Idaho, 354–56

  Kennedy, Robert F., Jr., 354

  Kennes, Erik, 119–20

  Kent, Richard, 186

  Kettering, Charles F., 61

  Khairun University, 326, 329

  Khan, Fazil, 75

  Kiira EV

  design of, 351

  Museveni on, 351

  Kiira Motors, 350

  factory, 349, 353

  Kikaya Bin Karubi, Barnabé, 135, 201, 265, 266, 269

  Kilanga, Gaylord, 39, 44, 86

  Kilanga, Kufi, 80, 99, 101, 115, 124

  Kilimabunga, 213, 214

  King Leopold’s Ghost (Hochschild), 369

  Kinsevere, 254–55

  Kinshasa, 21, 22, 51, 116–17, 216, 342, 343, 373

  Kabila, L.-D., seizing, 124–25

  Kiriko, Jonas, 154

  Kisanfu, CATL and, 284

  Kisangani, Emizet François, 40

  Kiswahili, 129, 213

  Kitangala, James, 239

  KoBold, 5, 301, 317

  Kolwezi, 50, 69, 71, 88–89, 158

  attacks on, 101

  cave-ins in, 332–34

  child labor in, 19

  creuseurs at, 158, 221–24, 231–32

  Gécamines in, 119

  Kajumba Kilanga in, 27, 160

  mineral deposits in, 17–18

  Kongolo, 39

  Korea, battery industry in, 108–9

  KOV, 137

  KTC. See Kamoto Treatment Center

  Kufi Kilanga, Joseph, xii, 38, 40, 46, 49, 85, 99–100, 115, 159–60

  background of, 150

  Mobutu and, 53–54, 55–56, 124

  Kumar, Vivas, 279

  Kumbwa, Kevin, 231

  Kwango River, 55

  Kwatebala, 289

  Kyungu Mutanga Wa Bafunkwa Kanonga, Gédéon, 168–69, 268, 338–39, 348

  Kyungu wa Kumwanza, Antoine Gabriel, 88

  Kyushu, 84

  L

  Laayoune, 303, 309

  labor unions, in Indonesia, 253–54

  Lake Mweru, 116

  Lake Tanganyika, 52–53, 101

  The Lancet, 20

  laptops, 92

  Lauckner, Jon, 180

  LCO. See lithium cobalt oxide

  lead-acid battery, 62

  Lebanon, 8–9, 175

  Leopold II (King of Belgium), xiii, 21, 30, 366–68

  Le Petit. See Hamze, Alex Hayssam

  LeVine, Steve, 179

  LFP. See lithium iron phosphate

  LG, 108, 109

  LG Chem, 179, 239

  Libération (newspaper), 116

  LIBOR. See London interbank offered rate

  Li Daqian, 107

  Likasi, 18, 88, 175, 288, 299

  Lincoln Laboratory, 79

  lithium, 1, 279

  Apple’s use of, 6

  price fluctuations, 92

  lithium cobalt oxide (LCO), 83, 84, 91

  lithium-ion batteries, 3–4, 7

  BYD, 110

  carbon footprint reduction from, 10

  commercialization of, 1

  in electric vehicles, 76–77

  fires from, 75–76

  invention of, 65–66, 90–91

  Japan producing, 108

  phosphate in, 303

  popularity surge, 91–92

  prevalence of, 10

  prohibitions on stowing, 91

  supply chain, 2–3

  Whittingham designing, 64–66

  lithium-ion battery, globalization and, 375

  lithium iron phosphate (LFP), 304, 372

  advantages of, 313

  materials for, 310

  power of, 316

  lithium mining, in DRC, 5

  lithium nickel manganese cobalt (NMC) battery, 177–78, 246

  cobalt in, 180–81

  Lithium Triangle, South America, 92

  Liu, Betty, 193

  Lobito Atlantic Railway, 298, 299

  Lobito Corridor, 300

  London interbank offered rate (LIBOR), 275

  London Metal Exchange, 246

  London Stock Exchange, 274–75

  Long Hard Road (Murray), 91

  Longley, Alan, 362

  Los Angeles, 58

  Louisiana, 62

  Lualaba, 24, 334

  Luba Empire, 29–30, 86

  Luba-Kasai people, 41, 45–46, 49

  in government, 240–41

  Mobutu purging, 88–89

  Lubett, Lef, 71

  Lubumbashi, 8, 18, 45, 117–18, 265

  Lufilian Arc, 24

  Luilu, 87

  Luiswishi, 281

  Lumumba, Patrice Émery, xiii, 43, 43, 342

  death of, 46–47

  U.S. attacks on, 46

  Lunda Empire, 30, 267

  Lunda people, 41, 42, 167

  Lundin, Adolf H., 117, 264, 265

  Lundin Mining, 283

  Lutz, Bob, 147, 149, 177

  Lu Xiangyang, 106

  Lygend, 328

  Lynch, Jon, 23

  M

  Machiavelli, 55

  Madanda, Richard, 353

  on CATL, 353

  Mail & Guardian (newspaper), 171

  Mai-Mai, 132, 136, 168–69

  Makola Kasonde, Yannick, 255, 271

  malaria, 159

  Malemba-Nkulu, 169

  Malta, 27, 176

  Malukus, 325

  Manono, 301, 317, 344

  Manthiram, Arumugam, 304

  Mao Zedong, 54, 258

  Marcel (miner), 288–89

  Marc Rich & Co., 70, 162

  Marxism, 101

  Masengo Kalasa, Patrick, 348

  Masuka Saini, Fifi, xiii, 232, 243, 346

  Mavu, Nama, 238

  Mbelu Biosha, Jean-Hervé, 347–48

  as ANR head, 345–46

  Mbulula, 38

  McDonnell Douglas, 95

  McMoRan Exploration, 269

  Melsert, Ryan, 149, 190, 193, 359

  Menell, Brian, 278, 282

  on critical metals, 376

  Meng, Shirley, 178, 261

  on cobalt, 316

  metal oxides, 80

  METI. See Mineral and Natural Resources Division of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry

  Metorex fluorescence analyzers, 229

  Michel, Thierry, 171

  Microsoft, 3

  middle class, formation of, in DRC, 128

  Milele, 289

  Minamitorishima Island, 260

  Mineral and Natural Resources Division of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI), 260

  minerals, in Kolwezi, 17–18

  Minerals Security Partnership, 352, 355

  Mining and Business (magazine), 226

  Mining Code of 2002, 156–57, 166, 219, 227, 334

  mining industry, 9

  climate change and, 376

  health effects of, 19–20