56 Age, 27 July 2019.

  57 Bergin 2021, p. 627.

  58 Australian Financial Review, 24 June 2021.

  59 McKenzie & Hunter 2021.

  60 This section draws on the several articles produced by The Age’s investigative team of Nick McKenzie, Nick Toscano and Grace Tobin in 2019.

  61 K Maltzahn, ‘Sexual slavery is not an acceptable business model’, Age, 4 August 2019.

  62 M Willacy & J Robertson, ‘Queensland Star casino concerns referred to regulator that approved shareholder with alleged crime links’, ABC Investigations, 24 September 2022.

  63 Australian Financial Review, 24 August 2022.

  64 Australian, 17 June 2022.

  65 A Bell, Report: Review of the Star Pty Ltd, NSW Independent Casino Commission, 2022.

  66 Bell Inquiry, Transcript of public hearings, 23 March 2022, P-459, accessible at .

  67 PM, ABC Radio, 4 February 2015.

  68 Sydney Morning Herald, 31 March 2022.

  69 Sydney Morning Herald, 10 February 2025.

  70 A Patrick, ‘At Star one man held all the cards’, Australian Financial Review, 31 May 2024.

  71 Brisbane Times, 11 February 2025.

  72 Australian Financial Review, 6 March 2025.

  73 Bell 2022, vol. 1, p. 4.

  74 Australian Financial Review, 12 February 2025.

  75 Sydney Morning Herald, 10 February 2025.

  76 Bell 2022, vol. 1, p. 5.

  77 Australian Financial Review, 13 April 2022.

  78 McKenzie & Tozer 2021.

  79 Age, 14 May 2022.

  80 Australian Financial Review, 17 May 2022.

  81 B Butler, ‘Star wars: How the NSW casino inquiry claimed a CEO’, Guardian, 2 April 2022.

  82 Bell 2022, vol. 1, p. 10.

  83 Australian, 29 September 2022.

  84 Bell 2022, vol. 1, p. 20.

  85 Patrick 2024.

  86 Bell 2022, P-2993.

  87 Bell 2022, P-2999.

  88 Bell 2022, P-3570.

  89 Australian Financial Review, 28 October 2024.

  90 ASIC, ‘Former Star executives Gregory Hawkins and Harry Theodore penalised for breaching duties’, media release, 24 February 2025.

  91 Australian Financial Review, 18 May 2025.

  92 Australian Financial Review, 18 December 2024.

  12: Albo ducks for cover

  1 J Snape, ‘Betting inquiry sees wagering companies squirm over blocking winning gamblers’, ABC News, 4 April 2023.

  2 Australian Financial Review, 14 August 2024.

  3 Interview with Tim Costello, November 2024.

  4 Interview with Charles Livingstone, December 2024.

  5 House of Representatives Standing Committee on Social Policy and Legal Affairs, You Win Some, You Lose More: Online Gambling and Its Impacts on Those Experiencing Gambling Harm, Canberra, June 2023.

  6 House of Representatives Standing Committee on Social Policy and Legal Affairs, Transcript of public hearings, 28 February 2023, p. 31.

  7 The Australia Institute, ‘Polling – Advertising on TV’, August 2022, .

  8 S Zhang & S Astley, ‘The different faces and missions of Peta Murphy’, Junction, 17 May 2019.

  9 R Patrick & P Dorling, ‘Murphy Report on gambling reform delayed by sports bet lobby’, Michael West Media, 28 December 2023.

  10 Saturday Paper, 17–23 August 2024.

  11 Brisbane Times, 3 August 2024.

  12 News.com.au, 4 December 2023.

  13 ABC News, 13 August 2024.

  14 Sunday Age, 24 July 2022.

  15 ABC News, 28 February 2023.

  16 Australian Gambling Research Centre at the Australian Institute of Family Studies, Submission to the Inquiry into Online Gambling and Its Impacts on Those Experiencing Gambling Harm, 2023.

  17 Inquiry into Online Gambling and Its Impacts on Those Experiencing Gambling Harm, public hearings, 28 February 2023, p. 21.

  18 Levin, quoted in Winston Churchill Trust, ‘Inspired and angry about gambling harm’, 27 September 2023, .

  19 Sydney Morning Herald, 28 September 2016.

  20 Financial Counselling Australia 2023.

  21 Sydney University Gambling Treatment and Research Clinic, Submission to the Inquiry into Online Gambling and Its Impacts on Those Experiencing Gambling Harm, 2022; Australian, 18 August 2015.

  22 Relationships Australia 2022.

  23 Brisbane Times, 23 August 2024.

  24 E Knight, ‘Hooked: Why a ban on gambling ads is too big a punt’, Sydney Morning Herald, 5 August 2024.

  25 Interview with Kate Chaney, November 2024.

  26 Inquiry into Online Gambling and Its Impacts on Those Experiencing Gambling Harm, public hearings, 28 February 2023, p. 21.

  27 Inquiry into Online Gambling and Its Impacts on Those Experiencing Gambling Harm, public hearings, 28 February 2023, p. 21.

  28 Michael West Media, 17 August 2024.

  29 Guardian, 21 September 2024.

  30 Guardian, 28 October 2024.

  31 Australian Financial Review, 19 September 2024.

  32 Australian Financial Review, 18 January 2023.

  33 C Le Grand, ‘The careful reformer’, Sydney Morning Herald, 12 April 2025.

  34 N Daniel, ‘Labor’s Anthony Albanese is not a friend of Australia’s left – and he never was’, Jacobin, 13 November 2020.

  35 Daniel 2020.

  36 Australian Financial Review, 13 October 2024.

  37 Age, 6 October 2024.

  38 P Daley, ‘Stubborn or resolute: Anthony Albanese’s lifelong political instinct faces final judgement’, Guardian, 12 April 2025.

  39 Daley 2025.

  40 Age, 5 November 2022.

  41 Interview with Tim Costello, November 2024.

  42 Interview with Tim Costello, January 2025.

  43 Interview with Tim Costello, November 2024; The Straight, 19 September 2024.

  44 Interview with Kate Chaney, October 2024.

  45 D Crowe & P Sakkal, ‘ “Nanny state”: NRL, AFL storm the field over gambling ads’, Sydney Morning Herald, 20 September 2024.

  46 Interview with Charles Livingstone, December 2024.

  47 S Mayne, ‘How shrinking legacy media became captives of the gambling industry’, Crikey, 6 August 2024.

  48 Interview with Kate Chaney, November 2024.

  49 M Seccombe, ‘The big gamble’, Saturday Paper, 10–16 August 2024.

  50 R Patrick & P Dorling, ‘Murphy Report on gambling reform delayed by sports bet lobby’, Michael West Media, 28 December 2023.

  51 Guardian, 18 October 2024.

  52 Radio National Breakfast, ABC Radio, 6 August 2024.

  53 ABC News, 24 August 2024.

  54 ABC News, 11 October 2024.

  55 ABC News, 11 October 2024.

  56 Sydney Morning Herald, 26 October 2023.

  57 Saturday Paper, 30 November–6 December 2024.

  58 Crowe & Sakkal 2024.

  59 ABC News, 11 October 2024.

  60 New Daily, 19 September 2024.

  61 Guardian, 12 September 2024.

  62 Inquiry into Online Gambling and Its Impacts on Those Experiencing Gambling Harm 2023, p. 64.

  63 ABC News, 25 July 2024.

  64 Age, 8 December 2024.

  65 ABC News, 24 August 2024.

  66 Inquiry into Online Gambling and Its Impacts on Those Experiencing Gambling Harm, 2023, p. 111.

  67 Cananne 2024.

  68 M Mason, ‘ “Vested interests” frustrate gambling ad reforms’, Australian Financial Review, 24 November 2024.

  Conclusion

  1 Guardian, 13 May 2025.

  2 Australian Financial Review, 10 May 2025.

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