“The silence became oppressive” Samuel Wragg Ferguson, “Fort Sumter: Notes,” 15.

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  “Men were seen” Parker, “Battle of Fort Sumter,” 66.

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  “At first, it ascended rapidly” Samuel Wragg Ferguson, “Fort Sumter: Notes,” 15–16.

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  “The thrill that ran through” Thompson, “Union Soldier at Fort Sumter,” 102.

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  “They no doubt expected” Ibid.

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  “and by the sound” Doubleday, Reminiscences, 144.

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  “children’s play” Wilson, Code of Honor, 27.

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  “It would have cheapened” Ruffin, Diary, 1:588–89.

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  “Prayers from the women” Chesnut, Mary Chesnut’s Civil War, 46.

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  “Get up, you foolish woman” Ibid., 47.

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  Fort Sumter: Sunrise

  “Our party were calm” Doubleday, Reminiscences, 144; John G. Foster, Engineer Journal, April 9, 1861, WOTR, 1:21.

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  “In aiming the first gun” Doubleday, Reminiscences, 145–46.

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  “It would be useless” Thompson, “Union Soldier at Fort Sumter,” 102.

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  “Showers of balls” Doubleday, Reminiscences, 147.

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  “Doubleday,” he said Ibid., 148.

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  “at their utmost speed” Ruffin, Diary, 1:589.

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  “Cries of that’s a good one” Parker, “Battle of Fort Sumter,” 67.

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  “lest we should attract” Ruffin, Diary, 1:591.

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  The Sumter Expedition

  “Nearing the bar” Fox to Simon Cameron, April 19, 1861, WOTR, 1:11.

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  “The heavy sea” Ibid.

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  Charleston Harbor: The Great Darkness

  “We were certain” Thompson, “Union Soldier at Fort Sumter,” 102.

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  Using a field glass Ruffin, Diary, 1:590.

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  “After dark” Ibid., 1:592.

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  “Tide going down” Parker, “Battle of Fort Sumter,” 67.

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  “I hastily struck a light” Ruffin, Diary, 1:592.

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  “Clear the beach, we fire” Parker, “Battle of Fort Sumter,” 68.

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  “Friends!” the men shouted. Ibid.

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  “was the only lodger” Ruffin, Diary, 1:593.

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  “The enemy kept up” Thompson, “Union Soldier at Fort Sumter,” 103.

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  The Sumter Expedition

  The Pawnee’s captain Swanberg, First Blood, 310, 324–25; G. V. Fox to Simon Cameron, April 19, 1861, WOTR, 1:11.

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  Charleston Harbor: The Worst Fear

  “the enemy” John G. Foster, Engineer Journal, April 13, 1861, WOTR, 1:21–22.

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  “The sun has risen” Parker, “Battle of Fort Sumter,” 69.

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  “She seems to have” Ibid.

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  “Would our friends think” Ibid.

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  “It seemed impossible to escape” Doubleday, Reminiscences, 157.

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  “I thought it would be” Ibid., 158.

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  “The scene at this time” Ibid.

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  The sound and shock wave Ruffin, Diary, 1:594.

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  “Thus placed” Ibid.

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  “I looked on” Ruffin, Diary, 1:596. See also Parker, “Battle of Fort Sumter,” 69.

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  “its peculiar ammunition” Ruffin, Diary, 1:596.

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  “It was manifest” Ibid., 595.

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  “Then arose the loudest” Ibid., 597

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  The Sumter Expedition

  The Pawnee’s Captain Rowan Swanberg, First Blood, 310.

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  Charleston: Tea and Angst

  “Nobody hurt after all” Chesnut, Mary Chesnut’s Civil War, 48.

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  “But the sound” Ibid.

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  “Some of the anxious hearts” Ibid.

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  “No—” Louisa said Ibid., 47.

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  “Not by one word” Ibid., 48.

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  “Also came Colonel Manning” Ibid., 48–49.

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  “It is one of those things” Ibid.

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  Fort Sumter: Doubleday’s Revenge

  Hart also retrieved Doubleday, Reminiscences, 159.

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  “The crashing of the shot” Ibid., 162.

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  Anderson ordered all but five John G. Foster, Engineer Journal, April 10, 1861, WOTR, 1:17. See pp. 16–25 for Foster’s excellent, spare account of the period April 9 to April 17, 1861.

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  “a shot every two or three minutes” Thompson, “Union Soldier at Fort Sumter,” 104.

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  Fort Sumter: Wigfall

  “for the purpose of” Beauregard to Walker, April 27, 1861, WOTR, 1:32.

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  “was one not to be forgotten” Russell, My Diary, 87.

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  “his accustomed indifference to danger” “Report of Brig. Gen. James Simons of Operations Against Fort Sumter,” April 23, 1861, WOTR, 1:38.

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  “A brave garrison” Ringold and Young, “William Gourdin Young,” 31. See also William Gourdin Young, “Reminiscences,” DeSaussure Papers.

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  “under great excitement” Ruffin, Diary, 1:586.

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  “I caught it” Ringold and Young, “William Gourdin Young,” 31; Young, “Reminiscences.”

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  “a foolish risk” Ringold and Young, “William Gourdin Young,” 35; Young, “Reminiscences.”

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  “In a few moments” Ringold and Young, “William Gourdin Young,” 32.

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  “we had come to the habitation” Ibid.

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  “had gone around” Ibid., 33.

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  Anderson replied Ibid.

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  Fort Sumter: Peculiar Circumstances

  “must have killed” Ringold and Young, “William Gourdin Young,” 33; William Gourdin Young, “Reminiscences,” DeSaussure Papers.

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  “Any terms that you may desire” John G. Foster, Engineer Journal, April 13, 1861, WOTR, 1:23.

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  “I hope if I ever bring” Ringold and Young, “William Gourdin Young,” 33; Young, “Reminiscences.”

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  “Boat returning” Parker, “Battle of Fort Sumter,” 70.

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  “to inquire if he needed” Stephen D. Lee et al. to D. R. Jones, April 15, 1861, WOTR, 1:64.

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  “peculiar circumstances” Ibid.

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  was “to get home” Young, “Reminiscences.”

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  “I was a sorry looking object” Ringold and Young, “William Gourdin Young,” 34.

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  Fort Sumter: Bloody Sunday

  “No,” he said, “it is one hundred” Swanberg, First Blood, 328; Ruffin, Diary, 1:599.

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  “We now first heard” Ruffin, Diary, 1:599.

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  “an excellent soldier” Doubleday, Reminiscences, 328.

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  “A unique and most impressive sight” Samuel Wragg Ferguson, “Fort Sumter: Notes,” 21.

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  “What a changed scene” Chesnut, Mary Chesnut’s Civil War, 50.

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  “a lady’s thimble” McPherson, Battle Cry, 238, 275; Reid, “Crisis at Fort Sumter,” 9. To underscore his belief that the war would be short, James Chesnut pledged to drink all the blood spilled in battle. Fire-eater Robert Barnwell Rhett did him one better, vowing to eat the bodies of those killed, emphasizing his belief that no war would occur. Davis, Rhett, 394.

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  Charleston: Acclaim

  “In the matter of drinks” Russell, My Diary, 73.

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  “An execrable, tooth-cracking drive” Ibid.

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  “The Yankees are whipped!” Ibid., 74.

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  “I hear today that I am late for the fair” Crawford, “William Howard Russell,” 194.

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  “flushed faces, wild eyes” Russell, My Diary, 80.

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  Washington and Charleston: Hot Oxygen

  “the several States of the Union” Lincoln, Collected Works, 4:331.

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  “I appeal to all” Ruffin, Diary, 2:549.

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  “Great rejoicing” Lincoln, Collected Works, 4:333.

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  “I can be no party” Donald, Lincoln, 297; Seward, Seward at Washington, 547.

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  “will not furnish” Seward, Seward at Washington, 547.

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  “The Government being” Goodwin, Team of Rivals, 349.

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  “secession cannon” Ruffin, Diary, 1:606.

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  “a glass of ale” Ibid., 1:607.

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  “Kentucky will furnish” Donald, Lincoln, 297.

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  “inhuman and diabolical” Ibid.

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  “a moral and political evil” McPherson, Battle Cry, 281.

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  “If I owned” Goodwin, Team of Rivals, 350.

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  “You have made” McPherson, Battle Cry, 281.

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  “Wherever the blame may be” Ibid. See also Freeman, R. E. Lee, 475–76.

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  “Save in defense” Goodwin, Team of Rivals, 350.

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  “The women, palefaced” Russell, My Diary, 76.

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  “It really was most astonishing” Ibid.

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  “At every station” Russell, “Recollections,” no. 495, 248.

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  “The station, the hotels” Russell, My Diary, 80.

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  “The utter contempt” Ibid., 86.

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  “Cavalry horses were picketed” Ibid., 80; Russell, “Recollections,” no. 496, 362.

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  “Charleston was in high revelry” Russell, “Recollections,” no. 496, 362.

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  “In the middle” Russell, My Diary, 86.

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  “I found this” Ibid., 82.

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  “no injury of a kind” Ibid., 86.

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  “A very small affair” Crawford, “William Howard Russell,” 195.

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  “The streets of Charleston” Russell, My Diary, 82.

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  “the evening drove” Ibid., 89.

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  Aboard the Baltic: Ovation

  “Having defended Fort Sumter” Anderson to Cameron, report, April 18, 1861, WOTR, 1:12.

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  “All the passing steamers” Doubleday, Reminiscences, 175.

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  “I now write this” Lincoln, Collected Works, 4:350; Lincoln to Anderson, May 1, 1861, Anderson Papers.

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  “Of all the trials” Nicolay, With Lincoln, 46–47.

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  “With such material” Beauregard to Walker, April 17, 1861, WOTR, 1:28.

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  “Must try and remember” Chesnut, Private Mary Chesnut, 62.

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  “The formal act” Ruffin, Diary, 1:607–8.

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  “Confederate flag would float” Seward, Seward at Washington, 549.