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  “God grant that this step” Ruffin, Diary, 2:37–38.

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  Epilogue

  A Toast

  “this hideous nightmare” Freidel and Pencak, The White House, 73.

  GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT

  “Some trust in chariots” Committee Appointed by the Passengers of the Oceanus, Trip of the Steamer Oceanus, 49–50.

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  “wrestling with intense emotion” Ibid., 51.

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  “enveloped in smoke” Samuel Wragg Ferguson, “Fort Sumter: Notes,” 16.

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  “Clotted blood” Ruffin, Diary, 2:93.

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  “This was a disappointment” Ibid., 2:94.

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  “swollen today by anonymous letters” Russell, My Diary, 299–300.

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  “The President was not so good-humored” Ibid., 311.

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  “with the head of our good ship” Ibid., 340.

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  “Snake in the grass” Chesnut, Private Mary Chesnut, 118; Chesnut, Mary Chesnut’s Civil War, 133.

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  “I felt so proud” Chesnut, Private Mary Chesnut, 103.

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  “The empty saddle” Chesnut, Mary Chesnut’s Civil War, 107; Muhlenfeld, Mary Boykin Chesnut, 112; Chesnut, Private Mary Chesnut, 101.

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  A couple of days later Chesnut, Mary Chesnut’s Civil War, 114.

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  “starvation parties” Lee, Winnie Davis, 3.

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  Mary’s friend Varina Ibid.

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  “in a bitter mood” Chesnut, Mary Chesnut’s Civil War, 528.

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  “You remember Emma Stockton” Chesnut, Private Mary Chesnut, 134; Chesnut, Mary Chesnut’s Civil War, 528.

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  “That night,” Mary wrote Chesnut, Mary Chesnut’s Civil War, 601, 609.

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  “There are nights” Chesnut, Private Mary Chesnut, xxiii.

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  “The War,” he wrote Hammond, Secret and Sacred, 286.

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  “Here we have in charge” Hammond to Allen, February 7, 1861, Hammond Papers; also quoted in Channing, Crisis of Fear, 293.

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  “But mind,” Hammond said Hammond, Secret and Sacred, 300.

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  “the whole movement” Ibid., 301.

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  “a frequent feeling” Jackson to Lorenzo Thomas, August 5, 1861, Anderson Papers.

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  “I am here my friends” Committee Appointed by the Passengers of the Oceanus, Trip of the Steamer Oceanus, 52.

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  “and with one long, pealing” Ibid.

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  “I beg you now” Detzer, Allegiance, 319.

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  “He looked very much fatigued” Corneau and Osborne, “Girl in the Sixties,” 445.

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  Coda

  Blood Among the Tulip Trees

  “You did fire” Ruffin, Diary, 2:420; Wyatt-Brown, Southern Honor, 53.

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  “Yet, I have been elevated” Ruffin, Diary, 2:548.

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  “Under these circumstances” Ruffin, Diary, 3:702.

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  “I here declare” Ibid., 3:946.

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  “Kept waiting by” Ibid., 3:950.

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  Ruffin positioned a new cap Allmendinger and Scarborough, “Days Ruffin Died,” 81.

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  “his brains and snowy hair” Ibid.

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  Index

  The page numbers in this index refer to the printed version of the book. Each link will take you to the beginning of the corresponding print page. You may need to scroll forward from that location to find the corresponding reference on your e-reader.

  A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

  A

  abolitionist movement, 40

  Abos, Theodore, 333–34

  Adams, Charles Francis

  on Buchanan, 299

  on election day, 16

  electoral count and, 241

  Lincoln’s inauguration and, 301–2

  Seward and, 373

  on weather conditions, 169, 291–92, 346

  Adams, Charles Francis, Jr., 213–14

  Adams, Henry, 214

  Agassiz, Louis, 42, 196

  Alabama, secession and, 203

  Alamo, 268

  Albany Evening Journal, 167, 373, 374, 375

  Albany Rail Road, 202

  Albine (horse), 225

  Allen, A. B., 221, 486

  American Agriculturalist, 221

  American Anti-Slavery Society, 40

  American Farmer, 76

  American Journal of Science and Arts, 63

  American Museum, 246

  American Notes (Dickens), 38, 341

  American Telegraph Co., 263

  Anderson, Eliza “Eba”

  health of, 4–5

  letter to husband from, 221–22

  occupation of Fort Sumter and, 131, 141

  slave trade, 27–28

  visit from, 182–83

  Anderson, Larz, 240

  Anderson, R. C., 357–58

  Anderson, Robert. See also Fort Sumter

  after fall of Fort Sumter, 474

  aniticipated surrender and, 377–78

  Beauregard and, 352–53, 394

  Buchanan and, 192

  Buell and, 108–9

  cabinet meeting and, 154–56

  cannon and, 149

  cartridges and, 334–35, 437

  Davis and, 406

  defenses and, 125

  description of, 4

  end of war and, 479–81, 487–88

  family of, 4–5

  fire in Fort Sumter and, 441

  flag at Fort Sumter and, 149–50

  Floyd and, 126, 127

  Fort Moultrie battery and, 397

  Fox and, 348–49

  Holt’s letter to, 204–5

  intercepted letter from, 399–400

  Jamison and, 335–36

  lack of action from, 206

  Lamon and, 351–52

  lead-up to war and, 3–4, 30

  letter from wife, 221–22

  Lincoln’s gratitude toward, 475

  Lincoln’s instructions to, 386–87, 395, 399

  Lincoln’s messengers and, 402

  military career of, 24–25

  occupation of Fort Sumter by, 128, 130–31, 135–42, 145–46

  order to fire from, 430

  Pickens and, 151–52, 199–201, 207–8

  plan to blow up Fort Sumter and, 352–54

  possible reinforcements for, 180–81

  potential attack and, 107

  powder and, 450

  provisions and, 8, 207–8, 335, 339–40, 394, 415

  reactions to move of, 153–57, 160–62

  replacing Gardner, 24, 25

  Ruffin’s blaming of, 202

  secession and, 118

  Shannon incident and, 379

  shots fired on Fort Sumter and, 315–17

  slave trade and, 27–28

  South Carolina commissioners and, 200–201

  South Carolina’s war preparations and, 163–64, 308–9

  Star of the West and, 186, 188–89, 198

  start of hostilities and, 425, 432

  status of Fort Sumter and, 285, 286, 306–7, 357, 362, 385–86

  on strength of forts, 29–30

  support for, 157–58

  surrender and, 8–10, 307, 314, 456–58, 460, 461, 462, 474

  suspension of mail service and, 403, 409–10

  during war, 486–87

  war preparations and, 206, 219

  Washington’s birthday salute and, 259

  weapon placement and, 322

  wife’s visit to, 182–83

  Wigfall and, 456–57

  Young and, 455

  Antelope, 200

  Anticipations of the Future (Ruffin), 70–72, 78, 210

  antislavery societies, 40

  Apostate, The, 245

  Appomattox Court House, 479

  Arabia, 294

  Arago, 480

  Argyle (horse), 224

  Aristocratic Journey, The (Hall), 224

  Arkansas, secession and, 468

  Arrangements Committee, 267

  Artesian Basin, 216, 217

  Articles of Confederation, 129

  artillery accidents, 333–34

  Artillery School of Practice, Fort Monroe, 24–25

  Astor House, 243, 245–46

  Aunt Phillis’s Cabin, 46

  B

  B&O line, 249

  Bailhache, William H., 235

  Baltic, 392, 396, 424, 433, 434, 460, 474, 480

  Barnum, P. T., 246–47

  Bates, Edward, 327, 363–64, 422–23

  Bates, Therena, 19

  Bates Hotel, 235–37

  Battery esplanade, 147

  Beauregard, P.G.T.

  after fall of Fort Sumter, 475

  Anderson and, 4, 308–9, 314, 352–53, 394

  anticipation of attack and, 9, 415–16

  arrival in Charleston, 290–91

  Chesnut and, 370

  Confederate commissioners and, 346–47

  Confederate flag and, 465

  Crawford and, 385

  daily life in Charleston and, 359

  fortifications and, 362

  Fox and, 348

  Lamon and, 352

  Lincoln’s messengers and, 402–3

  preparations of, 334, 418–20

  Ruffin and, 303

  Shannon incident and, 379

  Smith and, 284

  start of hostilities and, 420–21, 425

  status of Fort Sumter and, 372–73

  surrender and, 456–59, 461, 463, 474

  suspension of mail service and, 403, 408–9

  telegram to and from, 417

  Walker and, 389

  Wigfall and, 452

  Beecher, Henry Ward, 480

  Beechwood (plantation), 489

  Benwell, John, 26

  Bertinatti, Giuseppe, 355

  Black, Jeremiah S., 154–55, 161, 180, 212

  Black Hawk War, 24

  Black population, size of, 6

  Black Republicans, 55, 74, 86, 90, 95, 194, 204, 290. See also individual people

  Blair, Francis P., Sr., 281, 469

  Blair, Montgomery, 281, 326, 327–28, 351, 364–65

  Bleser, Carol, 33

  Bonaparte, Jerome Napoleon, Jr., 77

  Bonner, John, 107

  Bookstaver, David S., 249

  Booth, John Wilkes, 245

  Borland, Mrs. Lafayette, 330–31

  Boston Courier, 92

  Boyce, William, 75

  Breckinridge, John C., 20, 85, 168, 241–42

  Brevard, Keziah, 133, 169, 393

  Brevoort House, 221

  Brierfield Plantation, 217

  Brooklyn, U.S.S., 165, 180, 182, 184, 190

  Brooks, Preston, 383

  Brown, John, 66–67, 68–70, 74–75, 111, 314, 484

  Browning, Orville, 238, 239, 244–45, 281, 300

  Brown’s Hotel, 54, 95

  Buchanan, James