Eastland sank: Susan Q. Stranahan, “The Eastland Disaster Killed More Passengers Than the Titanic and the Lusitania. Why Has It Been Forgotten?,” Smithsonian Magazine, October 27, 2014.

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  Eight hundred forty-five: Jay R. Bonansinga, The Sinking of the Eastland: America’s Forgotten Tragedy (New York: Citadel Press/Kensington Publishing, 2004).

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  books, newspapers, and at least one early film: Stephen Bottomore, The Titanic and Silent Cinema (East Sussex, UK: Projection Box, 2000).

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  Each April, sailors and seamen: Steven Biel, Down with the Old Canoe: A Cultural History of the Titanic Disaster (London: W. W. Norton & Company, 1997).

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  the Shine story: Paul Heyer, Titanic Century: Media, Myth, and the Making of a Cultural Icon (Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger, 2012).

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  “Had the Titanic been a mudscow”: “The Titanic Tragedy,” Appeal to Reason, May 4, 1912.

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  half a million people died each year: Steven Biel, ed., American Disasters (London: New York University Press, 2001), 322.

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  Doug’s eccentric personality: Clive Amphlett and Douglas John Faulkner-Woolley, Titanic: One Man’s Dream: Douglas John Faulkner-Woolley: His Claims on Britain’s Two Most Famous Liners (QE1 and Titanic): A Biography (Ilford, UK: Seawise Publication, 1998).

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  But it also lit a fire in him: Doug Woolley, in-person interview by author, London, March 7, 2020.

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  Titanic Enthusiasts of America: “The Titanic Commutator—Articles About the Titanic,” Titanic Historical Society Inc., accessed August 18, 2020, https://titanichistoricalsociety.org/titanic-commutator.

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  Lloyd’s of London underwriters: Stephen W. Hines, Titanic: One Newspaper, Seven Days, and the Truth That Shocked the World (Naperville, IL: Sourcebooks, 2011).

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  Lloyd’s were eager to disassociate: “Lloyd’s and the Titanic,” Lloyd’s of London, accessed June 11, 2020, https://www.lloyds.com/about-lloyds/history/catastophes-and-claims/titanic.

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  “Ninety-nine percent of the time”: Nick Gaskell, telephone interview by author, June 17, 2020.

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  the SS Central America: Gary Kinder, Ship of Gold in the Deep Blue Sea: The History and Discovery of the World’s Richest Shipwreck (New York: Grove/Atlantic, 2009).

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  “It saddens me”: “Insurers to Share Shipwreck’s Gold,” The New York Times, August 28, 1992.

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  “I regard the Titanic”: Arthur Veysey, “Report from Europe: British Treasure Seekers Plan to Raise 2 Liners,” Chicago Tribune, November 2, 1963.

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  “I’m the only person to have filed”: “Salvage Men Try for the Miracle of the Century,” Aberdeen Press and Journal, March 20, 1972.

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  the device, called the bathysphere: William Beebe, Half Mile Down (New York: Harcourt Brace and Company, 1934).

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  perfected an underwater breathing device: Jennifer Berne, Manfish: A Story of Jacques Cousteau (San Francisco, CA: Chronicle Books, 2012).

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  known as the Challenger Deep: Ben Taub, “Thirty-Six Thousand Feet Under the Sea,” The New Yorker, May 18, 2020.

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  “It was like looking into a bowl of milk”: Taub, “Thirty-Six Thousand Feet Under the Sea.”

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  Tharp studied sonar profiles: Hali Felt, Soundings: The Story of the Remarkable Woman Who Mapped the Ocean Floor (New York: Henry Holt, 2013).

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  Beazley started demolishing ships: Roy Martin and Lyle Craigie-Halkett, Risdon Beazley: Marine Salvor (Southampton, UK: Brook House, 2007).

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  Beazley told no one: John P. Eaton and Charles A. Haas, Titanic: Triumph and Tragedy (London: W. W. Norton, 1995), 301.

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  a stretch of shore known as the Treasure Coast: Stephen M. Voynick, The Mid-Atlantic Treasure Coast: Coin Beaches & Treasure Shipwrecks from Long Island to the Eastern Shore (Wilmington, DE: Middle Atlantic Press, 1984).

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  Today’s the day: Eric Pace, “Mel Fisher, 76, a Treasure Hunter Who Got Rich Undersea,” The New York Times, December 21, 1998.

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  CHAPTER 7: BATHTUB EXPERIMENTS

  Woolley’s original plan: Clive Amphlett and Douglas John Faulkner-Woolley, Titanic: One Man’s Dream: Douglas John Faulkner-Woolley: His Claims on Britain’s Two Most Famous Liners (QE1 and Titanic): A Biography (Ilford, UK: Seawise Publication, 1998).

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  Woolley revealed this plan in a press conference: Doug Woolley, telephone interview by author, June 21, 2020.

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  “gone international”: Doug Woolley, telephone interview by author, April 17, 2020.

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  New York con artist George Parker: Craig McGuire, Brooklyn’s Most Wanted: The Top 100 Criminals, Crooks and Creeps from the County of the Kings (Denver, CO: WildBlue Press, 2017).

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  Every deck on a ship has a name: U.S. Navy, Ship Shapes: Anatomy and Types of Naval Vessels (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1942).

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  The Titanic was built with ten decks: Philip Wilkinson, Titanic: Disaster at Sea (Mankato, MN: Capstone Press, 2012).

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  the SS President Coolidge, an art deco passenger liner: Robby Myers, “History of Vanuatu’s President Coolidge Shipwreck,” Scuba Diving, November 20, 2017, https://www.scubadiving.com/history-vanuatu-president-coolidge-shipwreck#page-8.

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  “One way to think”: Ian MacLeod, telephone interview by author, April 30, 2020.

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  the SS Great Britain: Helen Doe, SS Great Britain: Brunel’s Ship, Her Voyages, Passengers and Crew (Gloucestershire, UK: Amberley Publishing, 2019).

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  It was showered with rose petals: Andrew Bomford, “SS Great Britain: From Seabed to National Treasure,” BBC News, July 4, 2010, https://www.bbc.com/news/10490928.

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  engineers constructed a giant dehumidification chamber: Maria Burke, “Saving a Steam Ship,” Chemistry World, July 1, 2005, https://www.chemistryworld.com/features/saving-a-steam-ship/3004772.article.

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  the conservation took three years: “Brunel’s Pride Restored,” The Telegraph, January 6, 2005.

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  “Titanic Task to Stop Clock”: “Titanic Task to Stop Clock,” The Ottawa Citizen, November 18, 1968.

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  “The lower depth the less oxygen . . .”: “Raise the Titanic?,” The Province (Vancouver, BC), August 13, 1968.

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  Oxygen is at a maximum at the surface: A. Paulmier and D. Ruiz-Pino, “Oxygen Minimum Zones (OMZs) in the Modern Ocean,” Progress in Oceanography 80, nos. 3–4 (2008): 113–28, doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2008.08.001.

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  Woolley worked on this experiment in his bathtub: Doug Woolley, telephone interview by author, August 16, 2020.

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  “Of course I know it’s an odd obsession”: Colin Smith, “Three-Nation Team Will Try to Raise Titanic,” The Sacramento Bee, October 17, 1969.

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  Woolley never met anyone on his team: “11-Man Team Plans Titanic Raising,” The Tampa Times, October 17, 1969.

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  the £4.8 million someone had suggested: “Question: Who Owns Lost Ship?,” Des Moines Tribune, October 20, 1969.

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  every member of the team: Doug Woolley, telephone interview by author, August 17, 2020.

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  Project Azorian, as the top secret maneuver: Norman C. Polmar and Michael White, Project Azorian: The CIA and the Raising of the K-129 (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2010).

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  The Glomar included: “Project AZORIAN,” Central Intelligence Agency, accessed September 3, 2020, https://www.cia.gov/legacy/museum/exhibit/project-azorian.

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  “What are you doing here?”: Polmar and White, Project Azorian, 111.

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  Jack Anderson wasn’t convinced: Josh Dean, The Taking of K-129: How the CIA Used Howard Hughes to Steal a Russian Sub in the Most Daring Covert Operation in History (New York: Dutton Caliber, 2017).

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  a four-hundred-twenty-square-mile area: Charles Fishman, “The Epic Search for the Challenger,” The Washington Post, May 28, 1986, https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1986/05/28/the-epic-search-for-the-challenger/2c445a93-f39c-448b-b4c0-ca79efe3ad48.

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  The navy provided an NR-1: “Report on the Salvage of the Space Shuttle Challenger Wreckage,” U.S. Navy Naval Seal Systems Command, 1988.

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  an unmanned vehicle discovered: Penny Pagano, “The Challenger, an Avoidable Tragedy: Largest Recovery Operation Ever Attempted: Salvage Experts Found Vital Clues,” Los Angeles Times, June 10, 1986.

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  nicknamed the Newport Ship: “Newport Medieval Ship’s Future Concerns Restoration Group,” BBC News, August 8, 2014.

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  sent the wreck to be scrapped: Gilbert Kreijger, “Costa Concordia Dilemma: Salvage, Cut, or Sink?,” Reuters, January 27, 2012.

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  “Raise the Titanic?”: Paul Heyer, Titanic Legacy: Disaster as Media Event and Myth (New York: Praeger, 1995), 143.

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  By January 1970, Doug Woolley began promising: “Titanic May Make Port Here,” Liverpool Echo, January 12, 1970.

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  But the team had expanded: “Age and Youth on Titanic Salvage,” Newcastle Evening Chronicle, March 10, 1970.

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  “So far, everything is proceeding absolutely on schedule”: “Now the Sad Super Liner Could Sail Again—Underwater in England,” Reading Evening Post, April 14, 1970.

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  “staked his existence on lugging”: “Could the Titanic Come to Liverpool?,” Liverpool Echo, December 28, 1971.

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  The USS Monitor, the famous ironclad: “USS Monitor,” Monitor National Marine Sanctuary, accessed November 16, 2020, https://monitor.noaa.gov/shipwrecks/uss_monitor.html.

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  The bumps or depressions: Gregory S. Mountain, “The Ocean Floor,” Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, April 13, 2008, https://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/video/the-ocean-floor.

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  discovered that undersea topography: National Oceanography Centre, “Slope on the Ocean Surface Lowers the Sea Level in Europe,” Phys.org, January 29, 2015, https://phys.org/news/2015-01-slope-ocean-surface-lowers-sea.html.

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  after Malaysian Airlines flight 370 disappeared: Ean Higgins, The Hunt for MH370 (Sydney: Pan Macmillan Australia, 2019).

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  CHAPTER 8: TAKE ALL THE BODIES AND TREAT THEM WITH RESPECT

  “The launching of a ship”: “Queen of Seas Dwarfs Men O’ War,” The Leader-Post (Toronto), September 27, 1938.

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  Elizabeth grabbed a bottle of Australian wine: John Honeywell, “Anniversary Memories of a Royal Liner That Couldn’t Wait to Be Launched,” Captain Greybeard, September 27, 2013, https://www.captaingreybeard.com/2013/09/anniversary-memories-of-a-ship.html.

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  the band played: “Her Majesty Launches Queen Elizabeth 1938,” British Pathé, https://www.britishpathe.com/video/her-majesty-launches-queen-elizabeth.

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  the ship caught fire in the harbor of Hong Kong: “Fire Breaks Out on Former RMS Queen Elizabeth,” last updated January 7, 2020, https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/fire-breaks-out-on-queen-elizabeth.

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  Woolley arrived in Hong Kong: “QE Dress Rehearsal for Big Titanic Lift,” Liverpool Echo, April 7, 1972.

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  “They treated me better than anyone”: Doug Woolley, telephone interview by author, September 22, 2020.

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  it may have been arson: “Arson Suspected in Queen Elizabeth Fire,” Progress Bulletin (Pomona, CA), January 10, 1972.

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  An investigation revealed: “Arson Sank Luxury Liner,” Springfield Leader and Press, July 19, 1972.

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  “They told Doug to go to Southampton”: Clive Amphlett and Douglas John Faulkner-Woolley, Titanic: One Man’s Dream: Douglas John Faulkner-Woolley: His Claims on Britain’s Two Most Famous Liners (QE1 and Titanic): A Biography (Ilford, UK: Seawise Publication, 1998).

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  From the airport, he found his way into London: Doug Woolley, telephone interview by author, May 14, 2020.

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  he won the kind of attention: “What’s Going On,” Austin American-Statesman, November 13, 1977.

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  a two-masted Byzantine vessel: “Serçe Limanı Shipwreck Excavation,” Institute of Nautical Archaeology, accessed July 13, 2021, https://nauticalarch.org/projects/serce-limani-shipwreck-excavation.

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  “The ship is its own memorial”: John P. Eaton and Charles A. Haas, Titanic: Destination Disaster: The Legends and the Reality (New York: W. W. Norton, 1996), 161.

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  “Take the archeologists in Egypt”: Stephen Spignesi, “An Expanded Interview with Douglas Faulkner-Woolley,” February 20, 2012, https://stephenspignesi.weebly.com/on-the-titanic.

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  “We will take all the bodies”: Doug Woolley, in-person interview by author, London, March 7, 2020.

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  The Britannic had sunk: Simon Mills, Exploring the Britannic: The Life, Last Voyage and Wreck of Titanic’s Tragic Twin (London: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2019).

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  “Cousteau Strikes Gold”: “Cousteau Strikes Gold Below Sea,” Associated Press, July 14, 1976.

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  a hundred wrecks in the Ottawa River: “Wreck Dates Back to 1870,” The Ottawa Citizen, July 16, 1973.

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  a Cycladic-era trading vessel: “Ancient Shipwreck Discovered in Sea,” Standard-Examiner (Ogden, UT), September 21, 1975.

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  fishing trawler sank near Cape Cod: “Divers Find Cape Trawler,” The Boston Globe, February 20, 1978.