RMS Asturias, 107

  SS Athenia, 54

  RMS Atlantic, 41

  Atlantic Ocean

  and categorization of shipwrecks, 30

  North Atlantic sea conditions, 209, 213–14, 215, 217, 234

  number of shipwrecks, 234

  SS Atlantus, 55

  aviation, 91, 114–15, 139–40, 158

  Aztecs, 65

  B

  bacterial activity on Titanic, 268, 270–71

  Ballard, Robert, 206, 247–56, 261–63, 269

  Barnum, P. T., 275

  Bass, George, 163

  bathypelagic zone, 15

  bathyspheres and bathyscaphes, 123, 124, 138–39

  Battle of Manila Bay, 85

  Battle of the Java Sea, 31–32

  Bauer, John, 101

  Beazley, Risdon, 125–26

  Beebe, William, 122–23

  Beesley, Lawrence, 107–9

  Belle Rose, 7

  Bermuda Triangle, 56–58

  Beyond Reach: The Search for the Titanic (Grimm), 233

  biodiversity, 168, 182, 209

  Bismarck, 234, 253

  Black Sea, 68–69

  Blanco, Bobby, 210

  Bligh, William, 73, 235

  Blue Water Recoveries, 231

  Boegeman, Tony, 211

  boilers of Titanic

  and artifacts from wreck site, 263

  and discovery of wreck site, 246–47

  and images of wreck site, 249

  and layout of ship, 133

  and orientation of wreck, 56

  and replica ships, 274

  and shipfall process, 174, 265–66

  Boing, 139–40

  Bonny Island, Nigeria, 36

  Bound, Mensun, 230

  HMS Bounty, 73, 191, 235

  bow section of Titanic, 35, 264–65, 268

  HMHS Britannic, 41, 165, 223, 250

  British Airways, 140

  British Army, 29

  British Board of Trade, 19, 53, 118, 140, 180

  British Petroleum, 170

  Bronze Age shipwrecks, 234

  Brooklyn Bridge, 132

  Brother Jonathan, 82

  Brunel, Isambard Kingdom, 39–40

  Brush, Charles, 205

  bulkhead failure, 175

  bunker fuel, 209

  buoyancy, 33, 56, 61–62, 124, 237–40

  C

  caissons, 87

  California Department of Fish and Wildlife, 209

  Calypso, 165–66

  Cameron, James, 256, 266, 270, 274

  cannibalism, 73

  Cape Agulhas, 5

  Cape of Good Hope, 6

  capsizes, 56

  cargo ships, 8–9, 29, 56, 59, 68, 133

  Carib, 103

  Carpathia, 20–21, 41, 49–50, 114

  Carson, Rachel, 59–60, 183

  Carter, Howard, 212

  Casey, Susan, 6–7

  categorizing shipwrecks, 29–30, 54–56

  cathodic protection, 207

  SS Central America, 119

  Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 142–43

  Centre for Maritime Archaeology, 68

  Challenger Deep, 124, 171

  Challenger space shuttle disaster, 145–47

  Chamnan, Ok-Khun, 5–6

  Chazhma, 143

  chemical weapons disposal, 59–61

  Chuuk Lagoon, 208

  circumnavigations, 72

  SS City of Cairo, 200–202

  SS City of Glasgow, 9

  Civil War–era shipwrecks, 151

  Clarion–Clipperton Zone, 168

  coal fuel, 134, 136, 209, 263

  cofferdams, 87–88

  Colby, William, 144

  Cold War, 43

  USS Cole, 33

  Coleen Marine, 185

  Collyer, Charlotte, 11

  Columbus, Christopher, xii

  Compton, Roger, 238

  concrete ships, 55

  Conrad, Joseph, 181

  container ships, 7, 8, 220–21. See also cargo ships

  continental drift, 125

  Cook, James, xii

  SS Copenhagen, 62

  coral reefs, 7–8. See also reefs and reef building

  corrosion and rust

  current state of Titanic, 175–76, 264–65, 268, 269–71

  and depth of wrecks, 67, 134–38

  and feasibility of Titanic salvage, 103

  and USS Maine, 88

  and marine environments, 66–67

  protecting against, 207–9

  rate of rusting on Titanic, 69

  Cortés, Hernán, 58

  Costa Concordia, xi, 147

  Cousteau, Jacques, 123, 165–66

  “CQD” mystery, 19, 198–200

  Crane, Charles, 21

  Crockett, 111

  Cunard line, 39, 120–21

  Cussler, Clive, 148

  Custom of the Sea, 73

  USS Cyclops, 57

  D

  Darwin, Charles, 94–95, 181–82

  Davy, Humphry, 207

  DDT, 59

  dead reckoning, 199

  debris fields of shipwrecks, 55–56, 218–19, 236–37, 246, 263–64, 266, 268–69

  Deep Ocean Search, 200

  Deep Tow, 212

  Deepwater Horizon, 170

  deep-water wrecks, 85

  Delaware River, 188

  density of water, 61–62, 76–78. See also water pressure

  depth of wrecks, 67, 83, 100, 134–38, 236. See also water pressure

  MV Derbyshire, 228

  HNLMS De Ruyter, 31–32

  USS Dewey, 85–86

  Discovery, 268

  Disney, 190

  diving for salvage operations, 84–85, 98, 208–9

  Don Juan D’Austria, 85

  downblast effect, 17, 268

  Drain the Titanic (documentary), 268

  drones, underwater, 230. See also submarines and submersible vehicles

  Droxford, 126

  drug smuggling, 147

  Duff-Gordon, Lucy, 19

  Dutch East India Company, 176

  dynamic positioning system, 169

  E

  Eagle Boats, 34

  Earhart, Amelia, 205–6, 253

  Eastland, 111

  Edison, Thomas, 207

  Elizabeth, Queen, consort of George VI, 155–56

  Elizabeth II, Queen of England, 153, 155

  Elkins-Tanton, Linda, 46

  RMS Empress of Ireland, 111

  HMS Encounter, 32

  Endurance, 229–30

  English Channel, 56

  English Trader, 125

  environmental damage and protection, 7–8, 183–85, 209

  Environmental Protection Agency, 170

  epipelagic zone, 14–15

  Essex, 73

  Evelyn, 103

  Evergiven, 220–21

  Ewing, Maurice, 43

  HMS Exeter, 32

  exhibits of Titanic artifacts, 237, 262–64

  Experiential Media Group, 263–64

  Explorers Club, 205

  extreme state matter research, 98

  F

  Falkland Islands, 136

  Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 119, 144

  “the fish” (towed sonar rig), 201, 212, 214, 216–17, 221, 227

  Fisher, Mel, 127

  Falaba, 104

  flooding, 6, 40, 55

  Ford, 58

  Ford, Henry, 34

  Fossa, Alana, 66

  Franklin, Benjamin, 80

  freshwater wrecks, 68

  fuel leaks, 209

  G

  Gabr, Ahmed, 14–15

  Gagnan, Émile, 123

  Galápagos Rift, 173, 182

  galvanic corrosion, 207. See also corrosion and rust

  Gama, Vasco da, 36

  Gaskell, Nick, 118

  General Electric, 98

  General Grant, 178

  geographic distribution of shipwrecks, 30

  geology of oceans, 2, 45–48, 74–75, 195–97

  Get Your Ass in the Water and Swim Like Me (Hughes), 113

  giant squids, 64–65

  global positioning system (GPS), 173

  Golding, William, 235

  gold in shipwrecks, 22, 31, 82, 119, 126–27, 178, 196, 233

  Goldsmith, James, 178–80, 190

  Gous, Sarel, 273

  Grand Banks, 2

  grand staircase of Titanic, 265

  Grattan, John, 175–81, 183, 190–91, 196–97, 198

  gravesites, shipwrecks as, xii, 62, 86, 101, 126, 136, 137, 164, 247, 264

  Great Barrier Reef, 185

  SS Great Britain, 135–37

  Great Depression, 41, 114–15

  Great Eastern, 39–40

  Great Lakes, 68

  Great Western, 39

  Greek-era shipwrecks, 68

  Greenland, 2, 180

  Greenland current, 214

  Grimm, Jack

  background of, 195–97

  and Ballard’s Titanic find, 249

  Palmer compared with, 275

  and propeller find, 225–27

  publicity and funding for Titanic salvage, 202–4, 204–6, 210–13, 229, 232–33, 252

  search for Titanic location, 198–204, 201, 213–15, 215–18, 221–22, 229, 231, 232–33

  and Woolley’s salvage plans, 197–98, 243, 253

  Grimm, Jackie, 196

  grounding damage, 7, 56

  Guinness World Record, 228

  Gulf of Mexico, 170, 185

  Gulf Stream, 3, 80–81, 94, 151

  Gyre, 201, 212–13, 215, 217, 221, 226–27

  H

  Halifax, Nova Scotia, 10, 21, 41

  Halomonas titanicae, 268, 270

  Hamilton, James, Duke of Abercorn, 261–62

  Harland & Wolff Shipbuilders, 35, 261

  Harpoon missiles, 58–59

  Harris, Mike, 203–4

  Hart, Eva, 11

  hatch covers of Titanic, 17, 58, 266

  hazardous waste disposal, 59–61

  Hellfire misses, 58–59

  Help (salvage vessel), 126

  Henderson Island, 73

  Hendrickson, Charles, 19

  Hessler, Robert, 182–83

  Hoffman, William, 213

  Hong Kong harbor, 157, 161, 245

  HMS Hood, 228

  USS Houston, 32

  Hudson River wrecks, 98

  Hughes, Howard, 142–43

  Hughes, Langston, 113

  USNS Hughes Glomar Explorer, 142–43, 237

  Hui Long, 8–9

  Huixtocihuatl (Aztec goddess), 65

  Hunt, Nelson Bunker, 211

  hurricanes, 72, 119, 191

  hydraulic outburst, 17