p. 208 ‘You can’t imagine’, TsAMO 236/2675/336, p. 57

  p. 209 ‘We have to hold…’, TsAMO 233/2374/93 p. 411

  p. 209 ‘almost peaceful…’, Wust, conversation, 10 October 1999

  p. 209 ‘rabbit-hearted’, IfZ MA 127/2, p. 12,949

  p. 210 ‘The keys of the city…’, Vsevolod Vishnevsky, RGALI 1038/1/1804

  p. 210 newspaper reports, contradiction by TASS, see Pravda, 25 April

  p. 211 ‘other matter’, ΝA RG334/Entry 309/Box 2

  p. 211 ‘Some of them shaded…’, Klochkov, p. 72

  p. 211 ‘Greetings from the front’, Junior Lieutenant of Medical Service Abdul Aziz Babakhanov, Soyuz veteranov zhurnalistiki, p. 491

  p. 212 ‘The hurricane lamp is driving away darkness’, Senyavskaya, 1995, p. 181

  p. 213 ‘tortured to death…’, TsAMO 233/2374/92, p. 314

  p. 213 ‘Liricheskoe’, quoted Senyavskaya, 1995, p. 101

  p. 214 ‘Soon we will return home…’, TsAMO 236/2675/440, p. 16

  p. 214 ‘It felt like a huge…’, Gall, conversation, 2 November 1999

  p. 214 ‘We warned all…’, Sulkhanishvili, conversation, 12 October 2000

  15 ZHUKOV ON THE REITWEIN SPUR

  p. 216 arrival of Zhukov, Merezhko, conversation, 10 November 1999

  p. 217 ‘The hands of the clock…’, Zhukov, iv, pp. 242–3

  p. 217 ‘A terrible thunder…’, Klochkov, p. 73

  p. 218 ‘Alarm! so fort… ’, Ramm, 1994, p. 33

  p. 218 ‘In a matter…’, Wagner, quoted ibid., p. 200

  p. 218 ‘In the field of view…’, Kleine and Stimpel, p. 39

  p. 218 ‘burning farmhouses…’, quoted Ramm, 1994, p. 200

  p. 218 ‘Christ, the poor…’, Baumgart, quoted ibid., p. 67

  p. 218 ‘shavingofficers…’, SS Kriegsberichter Heinz Heering, BA-MA MSg2/3448, p. 6

  p. 219 ‘These men were sacrificed…’, Obersturmführer Helmut Schwarz, quoted Ramm, 1994, p. 170

  p. 219 ‘It seemed that not…’, Zhukov, iv, p. 244

  p. 219 ‘Along the whole length…’, letter, Pyotr Mitrofanovich Sebelev, 2nd Sapper Bde, 16 April, quoted Shindel (ed.), p. 160

  p. 219 ‘the light was so blinding…’, Sulkhanishvili, conversation, 12 October 2000

  p. 220 ‘producing losses’, etc., TsAMO 233/2374/92, pp. 257–8

  p. 221 ‘Maximum Alert’, Schröder diary, quoted Ramm, 1994, p. 177

  p. 222 ‘So you’ve underestimated…’, Zhukov, iii, p. 245

  p. 223 ‘His outstanding bravery…’, BA-MA RH19/XV/24, p. 36

  p. 224 ‘a dull, continuous…’, BA-MA MSg1/976, p. 17

  p. 224 ‘women and girls stood…’, Boldt, pp. 108–9

  p. 226 ‘not a killing field…’, Harald Arndt, quoted Ramm, 1994, p. 270

  p. 226 ‘We moved across terrain…’, Sebelev, Shindel (ed.), p. 160

  p. 226 ‘covered with the corpses…’, Klochkov, p. 73

  p. 226 ‘bad organization’, etc., TsAMO 233/2374/92, pp. 27–30

  p. 227 ‘in some regiments…’, TsAMO 233/2374/92, pp. 31–2

  p. 228 ‘became much more frequent’, TsAMO 233/2374/92, p. 31

  p. 228 footnote: Medical personnel, Senyavskaya, 1995, p. 124

  p. 228 ‘How many matches were burnt?’, Senyavskaya, 2000, p. 227

  p. 229 ‘I was deeply…’, BA-MA MSg2/1096

  p. 229 ‘Berlin on the sixth day…’, VOV, iii, p. 270

  p. 229 ‘Are you sure that…’, Zhukov, iv, p. 247

  p. 230 ‘Even when I was…’, TsAMO 233/2374/194, pp. 47–8

  p. 230 ‘The god of war…’, TsAMO 233/2374/194, p. 32

  p. 230 ‘At the fascist lair’, etc., TsAMO 233/2374/194, p. 34

  p. 230 13th Army observation post, Konev, p. 91

  p. 231 ‘The assault boats were launched’, TsAMO 233/2374/194, p. 35

  p. 231 ‘We had nowhere to hide’, TsAMO 233/2374/194, p. 33

  p. 231 ‘Ivan don’t shoot, we are prison’, TsAMO 236/2675/336, pp. 6, 55–6

  p. 232 ‘unbearably slow’, TsAMO 233/2374/194, p. 50

  p. 232 ‘Zhukov is not getting…’, TsAMO TsGV/70500/2, pp. 145–9, quoted Zhukov, iv, pp. 226–7

  p. 233 ‘[Antonov] said…’, NA RG334/Entry 309/Box 2

  16 SEELOW AND THE SPREE

  p. 235 ‘He was wearing a long…’, Sulkhanishvili, conversation, 12 October 2001

  p. 236 ‘distinctly uncultured’, Erickson, p. 569

  p. 236 ‘In the opinion of the infantry’, TsAMO 233/2374/92, p. 355

  p. 236 ‘We infantry were once…’, Tillery, quoted Ramm, 1994, p. 35

  p. 237 ‘completely shattered…’, BA-MA MSg2/1096, p. 4

  p. 237 ‘This is my artillery…’, BA-MA MSg2/1096, p. 5

  p. 237 attacks on Oder bridges, RGVA 32925/1/130, p. 259

  p. 238 German pilots’ suicide attacks, NA 740.0011 EW/4–2445

  p. 238 Leonidas squadron (2./II./KG 200), BA-MA MSg2/4429, pp. 1–44

  p. 239 ‘if the Germans…’, TsAMO 236/2675/149, p. 258

  p. 239 ‘How are you going to fire it?’, TsAMO 233/2374/194, p. 56

  p. 240 ‘No German town…’, BA-MA RH19/XV/9D, p. 131

  p. 240 ‘non-employed and those…’, BLHA Pr. Br. Rep. 61A/443

  p. 241 Nordland casualties, BA-MA RH 19 XV/9b, p. 62

  p. 243 ‘Today is the moment…’, BA-MA RH19/XV/9, p. 264

  p. 243 wounded soldier at Hermersdorf, Kleine and Stimpel, p. 35

  p. 243 ‘426 Soviet tanks’, Der Angriff, Nr. 92, 20 April

  p. 244 ‘And this is the army’, Kleine and Stimpel, pp. 35–6

  p. 244 ‘In the town of Gusow…’, TsAMO 233/2374/92, p. 356

  p. 245 ‘a defence of the capital…’, BA-MA MSg1/976, p. 18

  p. 245 ‘Berlin would…’, Speer interrogation, 22 May, ΝA 740.0011 EW/5–145

  p. 245 ‘the sacrifice of children…’, BA-MA MSg2/1096, p. 6

  p. 246 ‘The Russians are eating…’, Martin Kleint, quoted Ramm, 1994, p. 296

  p. 246 ‘Der Iwan kommt’ ibid., p. 96

  p. 247 executions on Küstrin sector, Wuth, conversation, 10 October 1999 p. 247 SS to Schleswig-Holstein, BA-MA MSg2/3448, p. 6

  p. 248 Saalborn to Bürgermeister of Woltersdorf, BLHA Pr. Br. Rep. 61A/443

  p. 248 ‘Well, we’ll have to start…’, Zhukov, iv, p. 224

  17 THE FÜHRER’S LAST BIRTHDAY

  p. 249 ‘with heartiest congratulations’, RGVA-SA 1355/4/11, p. 54

  p. 250 ‘I wondered whether he was mad’, Kardorff, p. 307

  p. 251 ‘disappointed by the cowardice…’, Speer interrogation, 22 May, NA 740.0011 EW/5–145

  p. 251 ‘Führer’s birthday’, GARF 9401/2/97, pp. 32–48

  p. 252 ‘It was horrible…’, Traudl Junge, quoted Sereny, p. 512

  p. 252 ‘Eva Braun and Dr Stumpfegger’, Bormann’s diary, GARF 9401/2/97, pp. 32–48

  p. 252 ‘a really foul trick’, letter of 19 April, quoted Gun, p. 247

  p. 252 ‘to keep the mystic legend…’, Brandt paper, ΝA RG319/22/XE 23 11 00

  p. 254 ‘She was always…’, Below, pp. 407–8

  p. 254 ‘We can already hear…’, letter to Herta Ostermayr, quoted Gun, p. 252

  p. 254 ‘Suddenly one remembers…’, Friday 20 April, Anonymous, p. 9

  p. 255 ‘the long-range artillery…’, Zhukov, iv, p. 250

  p. 255 ‘a historic task: to break into Berlin…’, TsAMO 233/2307/193, p. 88

  p. 256 ‘Comrade Rybalko’, TsAMO 236/2712/359, p. 35

  p. 256 recognition signals for meeting with Allied armies, TsAMO 132a/2642/38, pp. 14–15

  p. 256 ‘Personal to Comrades…’, quoted Erickson, p. 578

  p. 256 ‘Auffanglinier’, BA-MA RH19/XV/24, p. 119

  p. 256 ‘It was clear to us…’, BA-MA MSg1/976, p. 18

  p. 257 ‘Then the tanks began firing…’, quoted Ramm, 1994, p. 96

  p. 257 ‘Now we’ll let them have it’, ibid., p. 97

  p. 259 ‘The closer one gets to Berlin’, Grossman papers, RGALI 1710/3/51, p. 240

  p. 259 ‘mostly by officers and men…’, TsAMO 233/2374/92, p. 47

  p. 259 ‘It was all senseless’, Wuth, conversation, 10 October 1999

  p. 259 30th Guards Artillery Brigade, Klochkov, p. 77

  p. 260 ‘They returned the following…’, TsAMO 233/2374/93, p. 722

  p. 260 ‘given chemical substances…’, RGVA 32891/1/125, p. 289

  p. 260 ‘hurl back’, BA-MA MSg1/976, p. 20

  p. 260 ‘to catch deserters and execute…’, TsAMO 233/2374/93, p. 412

  18 THE FLIGHT OF THE GOLDEN PHEASANTS

  p. 261 ‘no man capable…’, BA-MA MSg1/976, p. 17

  p. 261 ‘Werwolfs of Berlin and Brandenburg’, 24 April, NA RG 260 OMGUS, Stack 390 41/7/5–6 A2/S4

  p. 262 ‘What’s going on?’, Günsche interrogation, quoted Bezymenski, pp. 28–9

  p. 262 ‘For the rat Goebbels’, TsAMO 233/2374/92, p. 255, and Zhukov, iv, p. 258

  p. 262 ‘the bloody god of war’, K. M. Simonov, Notebook No. 8, RGALI 1814/4/7

  p. 262 1.8 million shells, Zhukov, iv, p. 255

  p. 262 ‘cellar tribe’, Anonymous, pp. 13–16

  p. 263 ‘Du General?’, Kertz, conversation, 10 October 1999

  p. 263 Scharnhorst Division, Rettich war diary, Reichhelm papers

  p. 264 ‘a very bad feeling’, Lorenz, quoted Ramm, 1994, p. 98

  p. 264 ‘See that you all get home…’, Tillery, quoted ibid., p. 40

  p. 265 ‘Due to the slowness…’, 21 April, TsAMO 233/2374/92, pp. 359–60

  p. 267 ‘three battalions and a few tanks’, BA-MA MSg1/976, p. 143

  p. 268 ‘The defence of Berlin…’, TsAMO 299/17055/4, p. 305

  p. 268 ‘twenty-four-hour-a-day…’, Zhukov, iv, p. 276

  p. 269 ‘a dirty, swampy little river’, TsAMO 233/2374/194, p. 66

  p. 270 ‘Soviet shells exploding…’, Wallin, quoted Ramm, 1994, p. 99

  p. 271 Konev’s order to the 28th Army, A. Luchinsky, ‘Na Berlin!’, ViZh, No. 5, May 1965

  p. 271 ‘completely surprised…’, NARG 338, P–136, p. 49

  p. 271 ‘as snow in the middle…’, TsAMO 233/2374/194, p. 78

  p. 271 ‘At about five in the afternoon’, Rocolle, 1954, p. 87

  p. 272 ‘hearts raced in fear’, DRK-Schwester Ruth Schwarz, quoted Ramm, 1994, p. 229

  p. 273 German stragglers from See-low Heights, RGVA 32925/1/130, p. 269

  p. 273 ‘On 22 April, a Red Army cook’, RGVA 32925/1/130, p. 275

  p. 273 ‘Everything is covered with flowers…’, Grossman papers, RGALI, 1710/3/51, p. 239

  p. 274 ‘Not a single woman…’, Anonymous, p. 21

  p. 276 ‘General Field Marshal Keitel’, extracts from notes of Jodl, TsAMO 233/2356/5804, pp. 201–3

  p. 276 ‘his mental sickness…’, Maizière, p. 106, and conversation, 9 October 1999

  p. 276 ‘Losses can never…’, quoted Trevor-Roper, p. 65

  p. 277 ‘the chiefs plan to get…’, ΝA 740.0011 EW/3–2245

  p. 277 ‘There exist in…’, NA RG59740.0011 EW/4–645

  p. 277 ‘superbly stocked’, Freytag von Loringhoven, conversation, 4 October 1999

  p. 277 ‘In the bunker’, Maizière, conversation, 9 October 1999

  p. 278 night of 22 April, Below, p. 411, and Traudl Junge, television interview

  p. 279 ‘Forgive me…’, letter of 22 April, original reproduced Gun, p. 176

  19 THE BOMBARDED CITY

  p. 280 ‘the battle a European significance’, diary Uffz. Heinrich V., 23 April, BZG-S

  p. 280 siege guns, Zhukov, iv, p. 255

  p. 281 ‘Desertion suddenly seems…’, Anonymous, p. 24

  p. 282 ‘real feeling of disintegration’, Beier, conversation, 9 October 2001

  p. 282 ‘to their impulses’, Kronika, pp. 98–9

  p. 282 ‘What a thing to die for’, Petersohn, conversation, 9 July 2000

  p. 283 rumour of Model’s arrest, NA740.0011 EW/4–2445

  p. 283 7th Department, TsAMO 233/2374/93, pp. 413,419

  p. 284 ‘Because the fascist clique…’, TsAMO 233/2374/93, p. 414

  p. 284 ‘letter from the inhabitants…’, TsAMO 233/2374/93, p. 415

  p. 285 ‘an outstanding…’, Reichhelm, conversation, 5 October 1999, and also Humboldt, conversation, 11 October 1999

  p. 285 ‘gravedigger of the army’, NA740.0011 EW/4–1045

  p. 285 ‘Soldaten der Armee Wenck!’, BA-MA MSg1/976, p. 28

  p. 285 ‘the Führer has issued orders…’, NA 740.0011 EW/4–2445

  p. 285 ‘So we made up…’, Humboldt, conversation, 11 October 1999

  p. 286 ‘Boys, you’ve got…’, Reichhelm papers, Das Letzte Aufgebot

  p. 286 ‘a feeling of loyalty…’, Genscher, conversation, 4 September 2000

  p. 286 ‘So about turn!’, Rettich diary, Reichhelm papers

  p. 286 ‘tragi-comedy’, BA-MA MSg1/976, p. 22

  p. 286 state of LVI Panzer Corps, Refior, BA-MA MSg1/976, p. 24

  p. 287 Berlin defence figures, Willemer, ‘The German Defense of Berlin’, NA RG338, P136, p. 46

  p. 288 Speer’s journey to Berlin, NA 740.0011 EW/5–145

  p. 288 ‘the legends would be hard to create’, Speer interrogation, 22 May, ΝA 740.0011 EW/5–145

  p. 289 ‘My Führer! — In view of…’, quoted Trevor-Roper, p. 116

  p. 290 ‘a simple Munich girl…’, Sereny, p. 532

  p. 290 ‘Hermann is not with us…’, Gun, pp. 253–4

  20 FALSE HOPES

  p. 291 Krukenberg account, BA-MA MSg2/1283

  p. 291 SS ‘Charlemagne’, Fenet, conversation, 4 June 1999

  p. 293 ‘since he alone…’, ΝA 740.0011 EW/5–145

  p. 293 ‘The Reichsführer is no longer…’, Trevor-Roper, p. 103

  p. 294 Schulstrasse transit camp, Löwenstein, conversation, 14 July 2000

  p. 295 ‘a real International’, Konev, p. 150

  p. 295 ‘hundreds of bearded Russian…’, RGALI 1710/3/51, p. 239

  p. 295 ‘An old woman…’, RGALI 1710/3/51, p. 240

  p. 295 ‘The Soviet Union has a right…’, ΝA RG218 JCS Box 15

  p. 296 US aircraft attacked, Antonov correspondence, NA RG334/Entry 309/Box 2

  p. 297 ‘they were licking [our] boots’, TsAMO 233/2374/92, p. 53

  p. 297 ‘In the course of three hours’, V. S. Antonov, ‘Poslednie dni voiny’, ViZh, No. 7, July 1987

  p. 297 ‘It was a bloody…’, Ramm, 1994, p. 102

  p. 297 ‘Vlasov and his men are taking part’, RGALI 1710/3/51, p. 239

  p. 298 Beelitz-Heilstätten, DRK-Schwester Ruth Schwarz, quoted Ramm, 1994, p. 229

  p. 299 ‘You’re the only one…’, BA-MA MSg2/1283, p. 11

  p. 299 conditions in the bunker, Freytag von Loringhoven, conversation, 4 October 1999, and Misch, 8 July 2000

  p. 300 ‘Another officer…’, TsAMO 233/2374/92, p. 361

  p. 300 ‘surprised the Berliners immensely’, TsAMO 233/2374/194, p. 78

  p. 300 ‘abnormal phenomena’, TsAMO 233/2374/92, p. 362

  p. 300 ‘small babushka’, Sulkhanishvili, conversation, 12 October 2000

  p. 300 ‘impersonal violence of war itself’, Glenn Gray, pp. 66–7

  p. 300 ‘substitutes for the defeat of an enemy’, Naimark, p. 70

  p. 300 waves of violence, ibid., p. 83

  p. 301 Shulzhenok, TsAMO 233/2374/92, p. 333

  p. 301 ‘What contradicts our idea…’, Grossman papers, RGALI 1710/3/51, p. 240

  p. 301 ‘Ziegler had secret orders…’, BA-MAMSg1/976, p. 24

  p. 302 ‘Meine Herren, alies Gute!’, Roman Burghart, quoted Ramm, 1994, p. 104

  p. 302 ‘laid on a blood-smeared table…’, Wallin, quoted ibid., p. 108

  p. 302 Krukenberg account, BA-MA MSg2/1283

  p. 302 ‘SS traitors extending the war!’, Wallin, quoted Ramm, 1994, p. 103

  p. 303 ‘The silence which followed…’, BA-MA N65/126

  p. 304 ‘The situation must improve’, TsAMO 233/2356/5804, pp. 201–3

  p. 304 ‘a self-deception bordering…’, BA-MA N65/126, p. 165

  p. 304 ‘General Eisenhower desires…’, 25 April, Deane to Antonov, NA RG334/Entry 309/Box 2

  p. 305 Deutschlandsender, NA RG59740.0011 EW/5–1045

  p. 307 Tully and Irwin, NA RG334/Entry 309/Box 6

  p. 307 ‘On the walls…’, Serov via Beria to Stalin, 25 April, GARF 9401/2/95, pp. 304–10

  p. 308 ‘the attitude of Red Army troops…’, Beria to Stalin, GARF 9401/2/95, pp. 317–28

  21 FIGHTING IN THE CITY

  p. 310 ‘There they stand…’, Anonymous, p. 28

  p. 311 ‘Take up the weapons…’, Diary Uffz. Heinrich V., 27 April, BZG-S

  p. 312 ‘We had no idea…’, Petersohn, conversation, 9 July 2000

  p. 314 ‘Tag, Russki!’, Boeseler, conversation, 7 July 2000

  p. 314 ‘kulaks and landowners’, TsAMO 233/2374/93, p. 747

  p. 314 ‘wax-like faces wreathed…’, Anonymous, p. 29

  p. 315 ‘almost without antiseptic…’, Rocolle, 1954, p. 73

  p. 315 Volkssturm weapons, Toscano-Korvin diary-letter, 7 July, BZG-S p. 315 ‘Berliner! Hold on…’, BA-MA MSg1/976, p. 28

  p. 315 ‘At the moment I am…’, Pyotr Mitrofanovich Sebelev, quoted Shindel (ed.), p. 161

  p. 316 ‘casserole’, Johannes Steinhoff, quoted Steinhoff et al. (eds.), p. 245

  p. 316 ‘new tactic’, TsAMO 233/2374/194, p. 78

  p. 317 3rd Shock Army anti-aircraft guns, Nikolai Vasiliev, ‘Krasnyi tsvet pobedy’, in Vsem smertyam nazlo, Moscow, 2000

  p. 317 ‘Offensive operations carried…’, SHAT 7 Ρ 163

  p. 317 sections of railway line with dynamite, TsAMO 233/2374/194, p. 78

  p. 318 ‘We didn’t have time…’, anonymous interview, 5 November 1999

  p. 318 ‘frequent cases of mutual firing…’, A. Luchinsky, ‘Na Berlin!’, ViZh, No. 5, May 1965

  p. 319 ‘Poor inner city’, Eva Reuss in Schwerin, p. 166