and Gang of Four

  Kissinger’s meetings with

  leadership style of

  and Mao

  and modernization

  and one-party rule

  pragmatism of

  Reform and Opening Up

  remoteness in later years

  retirement of

  and seeking truth from facts

  socialism with Chinese characteristics

  and Soviet relations

  and succession

  and Three Worlds

  and Tiananmen crisis

  travels of

  12- and 24-character statements of

  and U.S.–China relations

  and Vietnam

  visit to United States

  diplomacy:

  ambassadorial talks

  ambiguity in

  appeasement

  balance-of-power

  Chinese vs. Western approach to

  in Cold War, see Cold War

  complex issues of

  Confucian values in

  consultation system of

  and context

  functions of

  in nineteenth century

  people-to-people

  and Ping-Pong tournament

  power-oriented

  Realpolitik

  resident embassies in China

  and statesmanship

  transactional

  triangular

  war as failure of

  as zero-sum game

  Disraeli, Benjamin

  Dobrynin, Anatoly

  Dream of the Red Chamber

  Du Halde, Jean-Baptiste

  Dulles, John Foster

  and nuclear threat

  on peaceful evolution to capitalism

  and Taiwan

  and Zhou

  Dundas, Henry

  Eagleburger, Lawrence

  Eight-Power expeditionary force

  Eisenhower, Dwight D.

  Eisenhower administration

  Elgin, Lord

  Elliot, Charles

  “Empty City Strategem,”

  Europe:

  balance-of-power diplomacy and

  colonial aims of

  Communist collapse in

  economic gain as goal of

  NATO

  pre–World War I

  sovereignty in

  Thirty Years’ War

  traders from

  Warsaw Pact in

  Westphalian system in

  and World War I

  and World War II

  extraterritoriality principle

  Fallaci, Oriana

  Fang Lizhi

  five baits

  Five-Year Plans

  “Foolish Old Man, The,”

  Ford, Gerald R.:

  and foreign policy

  and political campaigns

  visit to China

  Ford administration

  Kissinger’s role in

  and Taiwan

  Foreign Affairs:

  Kennedy’s article in

  Nixon’s article in

  Zheng Bijian’s article in

  Four Modernizations

  France:

  and Boxer Uprising

  and Japan

  pre–World War I

  and trade with China

  and Vietnam

  French Revolution

  Fuzhou, as treaty port

  Gang of Four

  anarchy advocated by

  and anti-Confucian campaign

  and Cultural Revolution

  and Deng

  fall of

  Jiang Qing

  and Mao Zedong Thought

  and Taiwan

  on turning inward

  Wang Hongwen

  Yao Wenyuan

  Zhang Chunqiao

  Gates, Thomas S., Jr.

  Geneva Conferences:

  1954 conference

  1962 conference

  Geng Biao

  George III, King of England

  Germany:

  and Boxer Uprising

  and Japan

  Nazi-Soviet pact

  pre–World War I

  Qingdao occupied by

  and Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

  unification of

  and world wars

  Gingrich, Newt

  Gong, Prince

  Gorbachev, Mikhail

  and arms limitations

  economic assistance requested by

  and reforms

  Tiananmen crisis during visit of

  and U.S. summit

  Gordon, Charles “Chinese,”

  Great Britain:

  Arrow

  art treasures destroyed by

  and balance of power

  Boer War

  and Boxer Uprising

  Chinese ports blockaded by

  Chuan-pi Convention

  embassy destroyed by Red Guards

  and Hong Kong

  Macartney Mission

  naval power of

  Opium War

  pre–World War I

  territories sought by

  and Tibet

  Treaty of Nanjing

  Treaty of the Bogue

  Treaty of Tianjin

  Great Harmony

  Great Leap Forward

  Great Wall

  Gromyko, Andrei

  Guangzhou (Canton), trade center

  Haig, Alexander

  Han Chinese

  Han Dynasty

  collapse of

  five baits of

  harmonious world, concept of

  Hay, John

  Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich

  Helms, Richard

  Hill, E. F.

  Hitler, Adolf

  Ho Chi Minh

  Holdridge, John

  Hong Kong

  British claims on

  economic growth of

  returned to China

  horizontal line

  Howe, Jon

  Hua Guofeng

  fading from view

  Kissinger’s meetings with

  as Mao’s successor

  and Soviet Union

  Two Whatevers

  and U.S.–China relations

  Huang Hua

  Huang Zhen

  Huc, Abbé Régis-Evariste

  Hu Jintao

  career of

  and China’s world role

  as fourth-generation leader

  and harmony

  and new millennium

  and traditional wisdom

  U.N. speech of

  Hundred Flowers Campaign

  Hurley, Patrick

  Hussein, Saddam

  Hu Yaobang

  career of

  death of

  and economic reforms

  foreign policy speech of

  Ignatieff, Nikolai

  India:

  asylum to Dalai Lama

  border disputes with

  British colony in

  division of

  Forward Policy of

  and Korean War

  opium in

  and Pacific Community

  Sino-Indian War (1962)

  and Tibet

  Indochina:

  Communist threat in

  and Pacific Community

  wars in; see also Vietnam War

  weak nations in

  see also Cambodia; Laos; Vietnam

  Indochinese Federation

  international law:

  China and

  sovereignty in

  international relations:

  alliances in

  avoiding battle in

  balance of power in; see also Cold War

  Chinese aloofness in

  collective security in

  diplomacy, see diplomacy

  effect of domestic systems on

  and globalization

  Heavenly Envoys sent abroad

  and Mao

  MFN, see Most Favored Nation status

  and national interest

  in nineteenth century

  psychology applied in

  sovereignty in

  strategic trust in

  transnational principles in

  and wei qi, see wei qi

  Western concept of

  Zongli Yamen

  Iran

  Iran-Iraq War

  Iraq

  Iraq War

  Italy, and Boxer Uprising

  Jackson-Vanik Amendment (1974)

  Japan:

  and Boxer Uprising

  competition for dominance in East Asia

  culture of

  Deng’s travel to

  economy of

  Emperor of

  exceptionalism of

  foreign invasion of

  go in

  industrialization of

  invasion of China

  kamikaze (Divine Wind) of

  and Korea

  and Manchuria/Manchukuo

  Meiji Restoration in

  and Pacific Community

  political philosophy of

  relations of China and

  and Russia

  Russo-Japanese War

  and Ryukyu Islands

  in Six Party Talks

  and Taiwan

  territorial expansion of

  threats to China

  trade with

  U.S. relations with

  and World War II

  Jiang Qing

  and Cultural Revolution

  and Gang of Four

  Jiang Zemin

  achievements of

  and Clinton administration

  and compromise

  and Deng’s Southern Tour

  and domestic crisis

  and economic growth

  and G. H. W. Bush administration

  and G. W. Bush administration

  Kissinger’s meetings with

  leadership style of

  and Soviet collapse

  and succession

  and Taiwan

  Three Represents of

  and transactional diplomacy

  visits to United States

  Ji Pengfei

  Johnson, Lyndon B.

  Johnson administration

  Jomini, Antoine-Henri

  Kant, Immanuel, “Perpetual Peace,”

  Kennan, George

  Kennedy, John F.

  Keynes, John Maynard

  Khmer Rouge

  mass killings by

  takeover of Cambodia by

  and Vietnamese invasion

  Khrushchev, Nikita

  and de-Stalinization

  and Mao

  and peaceful coexistence

  and Sino-Indian War

  and Taiwan

  Kim Il-sung

  and Korean War

  Kohler, Foy

  Kong Fu-zi, see Confucius

  Korea

  economy of

  and Japan

  northern and southern zones of

  and Russia

  in Six Party Talks

  38th parallel

  as tributary state

  in twenty-first century

  Korean War

  armistice agreement

  Chinese reactions to

  Sino-U.S. confrontation in

  and Soviet Union

  and U.N.

  U.S. entry into

  Kosovo war

  Kosygin, Aleksei

  kowtow ritual

  Lake, Anthony

  Lampton, David

  Laos

  Lattimore, Owen

  Lay, Horatio

  Le Duc Tho

  Lee Kuan Yew

  Lee Teng-hui

  Lenin, V. I.

  Leninism

  Libya, and nuclear capability

  Li Daoyu

  Li Hongzhang

  death of

  and Japan

  and Korea

  Lilley, James

  Lin Biao

  and Cultural Revolution

  death of

  fall from grace

  and Korean War

  and “Little Red Book,”

  “Long Live the Victory of People’s War,”

  and Taiwan

  Lincoln, Abraham

  Lin Zexu

  Li Peng

  Li Ruihuan

  “Little Red Book,”

  Liu Mingfu

  Liu Shaoqi

  Long March

  Lord, Winston

  Lu Hsing-chi

  Macao

  MacArthur, Douglas

  Macartney, Lord George

  Macartney mission

  aftermath of

  aims of

  departure of

  gap in perceptions of

  and kowtow question

  rebuff of

  Machiavelli, Niccolò

  Maclean, Donald

  McLeod, Gary

  McMahon Line

  mahjong

  Malacca Strait

  Malaysia, guerrilla war in

  Malraux, André

  Manchu Dynasty

  Manchuria:

  and Japan

  Russian designs on

  Trans-Siberian Railway across

  Manchu tribes, and Qing Dynasty