Mandate of Heaven:

  barbarian threats to

  and changes of dynasty

  and domestic uprisings

  loss of

  in the person of the Emperor

  as the right to govern

  Mao Zedong

  achievements of

  aging

  Chinese heritage dismantled by

  and civil war

  and Communist Party

  and Cultural Revolution

  death of

  and Dunkirk

  epigrams of

  and Great Harmony

  and Great Leap Forward

  health problems of

  and horizontal line

  and Hundred Flowers Campaign

  and ideology

  and international relations

  and Khrushchev

  Kissinger’s meetings with

  and Korean War

  “Little Red Book” of

  mausoleum of

  nationalism of

  and Nixon

  and nuclear threat

  personal traits of

  as philosopher-teacher

  reaching into the past

  and revolution

  Snow interviews

  succession issues

  and Sun Tzu’s Art of War

  and Taiwan

  and Three Worlds

  travels to Moscow

  and U.S. relations, see U.S.–China reconciliation

  writings of

  Mao Zedong Thought

  map

  Marshall, George

  Marshall Plan

  Marx, Karl

  Marxism-Leninism

  Matsu

  Matthews, Diane

  Meadows, Thomas

  Meiji Restoration

  Mencius

  Middle East:

  Mao on

  oil in

  Soviet designs on

  Middle Kingdom, as center of universe

  Middleton, Drew

  Ming Dynasty:

  aloofness of

  and border threats

  naval expeditions of

  Mitchell, George J.

  Molotov, Vyacheslav

  Mondale, Walter “Fritz,”

  Mongol Dynasty, collapse of

  Mongolia:

  quasi-autonomy of

  Russian designs on

  Timurlane

  Mongolian People’s Republic

  Mongol tribes:

  and Qing Dynasty

  and Tibet

  monotheism

  Morocco

  Most Favored Nation status:

  in China trade

  and Jackson-Vanik Amendment

  in U.S. trade

  U.S. values promoted by

  Nakasone, Yasuhiro

  Nanjing, Treaty of

  Napier, Lord

  Napoleonic Wars

  Nariakira, Shimazu

  Nathan, Andrew J.

  Nationalist Party:

  Chiang as leader of; see also Chiang Kai-shek

  Chinese Communists vs.

  and Stalin

  and Taiwan; see also Taiwan

  and U.S. policies

  NATO

  Nazi-Soviet Pact (1939)

  Nehru, Jawaharlal

  New China

  Nie Rongzhen

  Ningbo, as treaty port

  Nixon, Richard M.:

  foreign policy principles of

  inaugural address of

  interest in China

  and Mao

  and reconciliation, see U.S.–China reconciliation

  and Shanghai Communiqué

  and Vietnam War

  visit to China (1972)

  and Watergate

  Nixon administration, Kissinger’s roles in

  Non-Aligned nations:

  Chinese influence on

  Mao’s “Three Worlds” vision

  and nuclear weapons

  and Soviet threat

  North Korea:

  creation of

  isolation of

  Korean War

  nuclear weapons of

  see also Korea

  North Vietnam, see Vietnam; Vietnam War

  Novotny, Antonin

  Obama, Barack

  Obama administration

  Ohira, Masayoshi

  Olympic Games

  Opium War

  repercussions of

  treaties

  Outer Mongolia

  Outlaws of the Marsh

  Pacific Community, in twenty-first century

  Pakistan:

  as intermediary

  and nuclear capability

  Palmerston, Henry John Temple, Lord

  and Elgin expedition

  and Opium War

  Panikkar, K. M.

  Paris Peace Accords

  peaceful rise, concept of

  Pelosi, Nancy

  Peng Dehuai

  Peng Zhen

  People’s Liberation Army (PLA):

  and Cultural Revolution

  Deng protected by

  and Korean War

  marshals as Mao’s advisors

  and Taiwan Strait

  and Third Vietnam War

  People’s Republic of China (PRC)

  establishment of

  and one China

  and two Chinas

  U.S. relations with

  world role of

  see also China; Chinese Communist Party

  Perry, Matthew

  Pescadores Islands

  Peter the Great

  Peyrefitte, Alain

  Pham Van Dong

  Phomvihane, Kaysone

  Ping-Pong diplomacy

  Pol Pot

  Pottinger, Sir Henry

  Pye, Lucian

  Qian Qichen:

  on China’s sovereignty

  and China’s world role

  and Fang Lizhi package deal

  Kissinger’s meetings with

  and Soviet collapse

  and U.S.–China relations

  Qiao Guanhua

  Qin Dynasty

  Qing Dynasty:

  barbarian threat in

  and Boxer Uprising

  collapse of

  decline of

  and diplomacy

  domestic upheavals in

  establishment of

  and opium trade

  and territorial expansion

  and Tibet

  Qin Shihuang

  Qishan, Viceroy of Zhili

  Qiying

  Quemoy

  Quesnay, François

  RAND Corporation

  Rather, Dan

  Ready, Jack

  Reagan, Ronald

  visit to China (1984)

  Reagan administration:

  and Cambodia

  Strategic Defense Initiative

  and Taiwan arms sales

  and Third Communiqué

  and U.S. rearmament

  Red Guards

  Republic of China, see Chinese Republic; Taiwan

  Reynolds, Joshua

  Rhee, Syngman

  Richardson, Elliot

  Rise of Great Powers, The (TV)

  River Elegy (TV)

  Rogers, William

  Romance of the Three Kingdoms, The

  Romania:

  end of Communism in

  as intermediary

  Roosevelt, Franklin D.

  Rumsfeld, Donald H.

  Rusk, Dean

  Russia:

  and Boxer Uprising

  and Cold War, see Soviet Union

  foreign mission in China

  and Japan

  and Korea

  pre–World War I

  in Six Party Talks

  territorial aims of

  and Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

  Russian Revolution

  Russo-Japanese War

  Ryukyu Islands

  Sadat, Anwar

  Sainteny, Jean

  Samphan, Khieu

  Sasser, James

  Schlesinger, James R.

  Scott, Hugh

  Scowcroft, Brent

  and Deng

  and Kissinger’s visit to China

  and Soviet decline

  and Tiananmen crisis

  SEATO (Southeast Asia Treaty Organization)

  September 11 attacks

  Shambaugh, David

  Shang Dynasty

  Shanghai, as treaty port

  Shanghai Communiqué

  Shanghai Democracy Forum

  Shen Zhihua

  Shevardnadze, Eduard

  shi, concept of

  Shi Zhe

  Shultz, George P.

  Sihanouk, Norodom

  Silk Road

  Singapore:

  and Communism

  economic growth in

  unrest in

  Sino-Indian War (1962)

  Sino-Vietnam War (1979)

  Six Assurances

  Six Party Talks

  Smyser, Dick

  Snow, Edgar:

  Mao interviews

  Red Star Over China

  Song Dynasty

  Song Xiaojun

  South Korea, see Korea

  South Tibet

  South Yemen

  Soviet Union:

  and Acheson’s White Paper

  and Afghanistan

  and Africa

  before and after Cold War, see Russia

  and Chinese Communist Party

  as Cold War adversary

  as Cold War ally to China

  collapse of

  containment of

  decline of

  dominance in Communist world

  economic policies of

  and horizontal line

  industrialization of

  and Korean War

  Mao’s travels to

  Nazi-Soviet pact

  and nuclear weapons

  power-oriented diplomacy of

  reforms in

  sphere of influence in Asia

  Sputnik launch by

  Treaty of Friendship with China

  and triangular diplomacy

  troops on Chinese borders

  and United Nations

  and Ussuri River

  and Vietnam

  and Warsaw Pact

  Special Economic Zones

  Spring and Autumn period (770–476 B.C.)

  Sputnik

  Stalin, Joseph:

  and Acheson’s White Paper

  and China’s economy

  death of

  and Hitler

  Khrushchev’s denunciation of

  and Korean War

  Mao’s 70-30 rating of

  meeting of Mao and

  and Nationalist China

  purges by

  at Yalta

  statesmanship, role of

  Stoessel, Walter

  Sun Tzu

  The Art of War

  on interconnectedness

  Sun Wu

  Sun Yat-sen

  Suslov, Mikhail

  Taiping Rebellion

  Taiwan:

  arms sales to

  considered part of China/one China

  and diplomatic talks

  economy of

  elections in

  and five principles

  and Japan

  Kissinger’s discussions on

  Nationalist Chinese on

  and offshore islands

  planned conquest of

  and Shanghai Communiqué

  Six Assurances with

  and Third Communiqué

  and two Chinas

  and United Nations

  U.S. policies toward

  Taiwan Relations Act (1979)

  Taiwan Strait:

  crises (1954–58)

  first crisis

  second crisis

  third crisis (1995)

  U.S. ships in

  Tanaka, Kakuei

  Tang, Nancy

  Tang Dynasty

  Tang Longbin

  terrorism:

  nuclear

  September 11 attacks

  weapons of mass destruction

  Thailand

  Third Communiqué (1982)

  Third World (Non-Aligned):

  Chinese influence in

  Mao’s “Three Worlds” vision

  and Soviet threat

  Thirty Years’ War

  Thompson, Llewellyn

  Three Kingdoms Period (A.D. 220–280)

  Three Represents

  Three Worlds

  Tiananmen Incident (1976)

  Tiananmen Square crisis (1989)

  aftermath of

  antigovernment protests in

  and Deng

  and Fang Lizhi controversy

  and Gorbachev’s visit

  Hu Yaobang’s death

  Jiang’s reflections on

  12- and 24-character statements

  U.S. dilemmas in

  Tianjin, Treaty of

  Tibet

  and border dispute

  Dalai Lama’s flight from

  unrest in

  Time

  Timurlane

  Tito, Josip Broz

  Trans-Siberian Railway

  Trotsky, Leon

  Truman, Harry S.

  Truman administration:

  and Korean War