Microtrends the small fo.., p.40
Microtrends_The Small Forces Behind Tomorrow’s Big Changes,
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The 2002 survey on attitudes toward suntanning was released by the American Academy of Dermatology on April 24, 2002.
Data on the tanning industry come largely from Helene Blatter, “The Tanning Dilemma Sun-Bathers: Sun-Bathers Know Risks, but Seek Bronzed Skin Anyway,” Riverside Press Enterprise, July 23, 2006; Jacob E. Osterhout, “Know It All,” New York Daily News, July 10, 2005; Valerie Nienberg, “Shedding Lights on Sunless Tans,” Jupiter Courier (Florida), November 17, 2004.
For more on teen tanning habits, see Paul Vitello, “Skin Cancer Up Among Young; Tanning Salons Become Target,” New York Times, August 14, 2006,
Unless otherwise noted, skin damage and cancer data come from the American Cancer Society, “Estimated New Cancer Cases and Deaths by Sex for All Sites, United States, 1997 to 2006,” Cancer Facts and Figures,
Helpful articles on the sun-safe clothing and sun protection product industry include Business Wire, “SunGuardTM Laundry Aid Helps Clothing Block More than 96 Percent of Harmful UV Rays; This Next Generation in Sun Protection Washes-In a UPF of 30,” July 27, 2005; Richard A. Marini, “Shun the Sun; Clothing Protects Against Harmful Rays,” San Antonio Express-News, May 13, 2004; SunGuardTM,
30-Winkers
Data on Americans’ sleep habits come from “2005 Sleep in America Poll,” National Sleep Foundation, released March 29, 2005, accessed October 2006, at http://www.sleepfoundation.org/site/c.huIXKjM0IxF/b.2417141/k.C60C/Welcome.htm. Other useful online resources include www.sleep-deprivation.com and www.sleepapneainfo.com.
Articles useful to this chapter include “New Study Shows People Sleep Even Less Than They Think,” Science Daily, July 3, 2006; accessed October 2006, at http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases//2006/07/060703162945.htm; and Stefan Lovgren, “US Racking Up Huge Sleep Debt,” National Geographic News, February 24, 2005.
Traffic accident data come from “Drowsy Driving and Automobile Crashes,” published at www.nhtsa.dot.gov, accessed October 2006, at http:www.nhtsa.dot.gov/people/injury/drowsydriving1/Drowsy.html.
For more on the sleeping pill industry, see http://www.livescience.com/humanbiology/060323sleepdeprivation.html. For more on the caffeine industry, see Melanie Warner, “A Jolt of Caffeine, by the Can,” New York Times, November 23, 2005.
The Web site for Metronaps is http://www.metronaps.com.
The international data come largely from a 2005 ACNielson study accessed January 2007, at http://asiapacific.acnielson.com/news/20050228.shtml.
Southpaws Unbound
Caveman southpaw data were reported in Alexandra Witze, “Study Takes Left-Hands-On Approach,” Dallas Morning News, October 12, 2003.
For more on the causes of handedness, see David E. Rosenbaum, “On Left-Handedness, Its Causes and Costs,” New York Times, May 16, 2000.
For more on the disputed effects of left-handedness on human health, see Nicole Frehsee, “All Is Not Right in the World of the Lefty,” Fort Lauderdale Sun Sentinel, October 29, 2005. For more on Southpaw earnings, see Joel Waldfogel, “Sinister and Rich,” Slate, August 16, 2006.
The discussion of lateralization of the brain among animals comes from Amanda Onion, “The Left-Handed Advantage,” ABC News, February 17, 2005.
For more on the religious heritage of left-handedness as sin, including the Ayatollah Khomeini reference, see “All Is Not Right in the World of the Lefty,” cited above; and Kathleen Laufenberg, “For Centuries, Being Left-Handed Was More than Just Inconvenient,” Tallahassee Democrat, January 29, 2002.
The UCLA study is K. Hugdahl, et al., “Left-Handedness and Old Age: Do Left-Handers Die Earlier?,” Neuropsychologia, Vol. 4, 1993, pp. 325–33, cited in Thomas H. Maugh II, “Lefties Don’t Die Young After All, Study Reports,” Los Angeles Times, April 4, 1993.
The higher incidence of left-handedness in twins is noted in “On Left-Handedness, Its Causes and Costs,” cited above. The data on the greater likelihood of lefties being born to older Moms come from Stanley Coren, psychologist at the University of British Columbia, and reported at “The Left-Handed Advantage,” cited above.
The study on prevalence of left-handedness among gays is cited in “All Is Not Right in the World of the Lefty,” cited above.
Famous left-handers are reported in multiple sources, including the “Famous Left-Handers” Web site, http://www.indiana.edu/~primate/left.html.
For more on lefty advantages in sports, see Childs Walker, “Some Lefties Do All Right,” Baltimore Sun, November 16, 2006; and Alan Blondin, “No Longer Taboo, Golf Is Seeing the Emergence of the . . . Lefties,” Myrtle Beach Sun-News, September 8, 2006.
The BlackBerry/Research in Motion story comes from Tyler Hamilton, “Business Tries to Right Wrongs for Lefties,” Toronto Star, August 13, 2004.
DIY Doctors
Over-the-counter drug sale data come from ACNielson research posted on the Consumer Healthcare Products Association Web site, “OTC Retail Sales—1964–2005,”
The information on complementary and alternative medicine can be found at “CAM Links—Williamson Street Co-op,”
The figures on Internet use to find medical information come from “Number of ‘Cyberchondriacs’—Adults Who Have Ever Gone Online for Health Information—Increases to an Estimated 136 Million Nationwide,” Harris Interactive, August 1, 2006,
Trends regarding health care costs come from “Health Insurance Cost,” National Coalition on Health Care,
Trends regarding Americans’ trust in doctors are described in “Americans Are Concerned About Hospital Based Medical and Surgical Errors,” Harris Interactive,
Hospital infections kill between 44,000 and 98,000 Americans per year; see “To Err Is Human: Building a Safer Health System,” Institute of Medicine of the National Academies,
The graph on public confidence in the medical institution was provided by Robert Blendon at the Harvard Public Health Review, and first published in Cathryn Delude, “Crisis of Confidence,” Harvard Public Health Review, Fall 2004,
Data on women and health care decisions are provided on “Women, OTCs and Health in the United States,” Consumer Health Education Center, http://www.checforbetterhealth.org/Chec/Media/Facts_Stats/Women_OTCs_FastFacts.as px>, accessed August 2006.
Data on growth in spending on direct-to-consumer ads come from Milt Freudenheim, “Showdown Looms in Congress over Drug Advertising on TV,” New York Times, -January 22, 2007.
The data on patient interest in e-mailing their doctors come from “New Poll Shows US Adults Strongly Favor and Value New Medical Technologies in Their Doctor’s Office,” Harris Interactive,
Hard-of-Hearers
The survey regarding presidents Clinton and Reagan is from Gallup Poll News Service, “Americans’ Retrospective Approval of Clinton Improving,” conducted June 1–4, 2006; accessed September 2006, at http://www.galluppoll.com/content/?ci=23362.
Data on Americans’ hearing loss come from the Web site of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, accessed September 2006, at http://www.asha.org/public/hearing/disorders/prevalence adults.htm.
The Navy’s challenges with eye surgery were reported at David Cloud, “Perfect Vision Is Helping and Hurting Navy,” New York Times, June 20, 2006.
Data on the elderly and their hearing loss come from http://www.census.gov/cgi-bin/ipc/idbagg and http://www.asha.org/public/hearing/disorders/prevalence adults.htm.
The Deafness Research Foundation data, including the decibels of household noises, can be found at http://www.drf.org/hearingbalanceresearch.htm.
Demographic data on the hard of hearing come from the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, “Statistics About Hearing Disorders, Ear Infections, and Deafness,” accessed September 2006, at http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/hearing.asp; and “Non-Hispanic Blacks May Have Best Hearing in U.S.,” June 12, 2006, accessed September 2006, at http://www.insidescience.org/reports/2006/010.html.
Helpful articles on the future of treatments for the hard-of-hearing include Linda Marsa, “Auditory Achilles’ Heel,” Los Angeles Times, January 16, 2006; “Antioxidants May Sound Hope for Hearing Loss,” Associated Press, October 12, 2003; “UB, Military Collaborate on Design, Testing of First Drug to Prevent Noise-Induced Hearing Loss,” December 2003, accessed April 2007, at http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/medicalnews.php?newsid=4915; and “Stem Cells May Be Key to Deafness Cure,” CBS News, August 7, 2006.
For more on the mosquitotone, see Paul Vitello, “A Ring Tone Meant to Fall on Deaf Ears,” New York Times, June 12, 2006.
V. Family Life
Old New Dads
The birth rate data in this chapter come largely from the National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; Mark O’Keefe, “The Joys and Pitfalls of Late-Life Fatherhood,” New House News Service, http://www.newhousenews.com/archive/okeefe061504.html, accessed September 2006; and Joyce A. Martin, M.P.H., et al., “Births: Final Data for 2004,” National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 55, No. 1, September 29, 2006. International data come from United Nations Demographic Yearbook: Focusing on Natality, “Live-Birth Rates Specific for Age of Father: 1990–1998.”
The phrase “Do-Over Dads” was coined, as far as we know, by Carlene Hempel, “Do-Over Dads,” Boston Globe, November 6, 2005. The vasectomy statistics come from her article as well.
Pet Parents
Pet ownership statistics, as well as data on the size of the pet products industry, come largely from the Web site of the American Pet Products Manufacturers Association, Inc., accessed October 2006, at http://www.appma.org/press industrytrends.asp.
Data on households with children come from U.S. Census, accessed October 2006, at http://www.census.gov/population/socdemo/hh-fam/hh1.xls.
The figure on pet owners paying anything to save their pet’s life comes from http://www.emaxhealth.com/116/6885.html, reporting on a 2005 study conducted of Veterinary Pet Insurance policyholders.
Other articles useful to this chapter, from which several data points and anecdotes come, include Janis Fontaine, “Pet Ownership, Related Spending on the Rise,” Palm Beach Post, May 26, 2005; “Pet Spending at All Time High,” Business Wire, April 5, 2006; Sandy Robins, “New Products Pamper Pet from Head to Tail,” April 27, 2005, accessed October 2006, at http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/6142671/; Joan Verdon, “Pets Rock! Human Companies Going to the Dogs (and Other Beasts),” The Record (Bergen County, NJ), April 7, 2006; and Larisa Brass and Carly Harrington, “For Pet’s Sake: More Owners Going All Out for Their Little Charges,” Knoxville News-Sentinel, December 18, 2005.
For more on Honda’s Wow, see Will Iredale, “Dog-Friendly Car Takes a Bow-Wow,” The Sunday Times (London), October 9, 2005; accessed October 2006, at http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,2087-1817415,00.html.
Pampering Parents
Benjamin Spock, Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care (Pocket Books, 1946).
The data on the growth in parenting books come from Neil Swidey, “All Talked Out,” Boston Globe, November 7, 2004.
Data on the size of the baby-product industry come from Matthew Boyle, “The $5 Million Diaper Bag,” Fortune, April 19, 2006.
The PSB polls were conducted online October 27–29, 2006, and December 13, 2006. Eligible respondents were adults who had children under 18 living at home with them.
For more on “Ferberizing,” see the original at Richard Ferber, M.D., Solve Your Child’s Sleep Problems (Simon & Schuster, 1985); the 2006 version is called Solve Your Child’s Sleep Problems: New, Revised, and Expanded Edition.
The data on attitudes toward spanking come from Murray A. Strauss and Anita K. Mathur, “Social Change and Trends in Approval of Corporal Punishment by Parents from 1968 to 1994,” accessed July 2006, at http://www.dadsnow.org/studies/strauss1.htm; and Julie Crandall, “Support for Spanking: Most Americans Think Corporal Punishment Is OK,” ABCNEWS.com, November 8, 2004. The death penalty data come from an October 2006 Gallup poll, accessed December 2006, at http://www.galluppoll.com/content/?ci=1606&pg=1. For more on rural crime dropping more slowly in the 1990s than urban or suburban crime, see “Rural Crime Facts,” National Center on Rural Justice and Crime Prevention,” accessed February 2007, at http://virtual.clemson.edu/groups/ncrj/ruralcrimefacts.htm.
Data on the use of the V-chip come from a July 24, 2001, press release by the Kaiser Family Foundation, accessed December 2006, at http://www.kff.org/entmedia/3158-V-Chip-release.cfm.
In the International Picture, the data on states and countries that approve corporal punishment come from http://www.stophitting.com/disatschool/statesBanning.php.
For more on the U.K.’s Children are Unbeatable! Alliance, see http://www.childrenareunbeatable.org.uk/. Their survey data were cited in “Majority ‘Support’ Smacking Ban,” BBC News, May 19, 2004, accessed December 2006, at http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/3727295.stm.
The study on global attitudes toward pressure on kids is Richard Wike and Juliana Menasce Horowitz, “Parental Pressure on Students: Not Enough in America; Too Much in Asia,” Pew Global Attitudes Project, August 24, 2006, accessed January 2007, at http://pewresearch.org/pubs/55/parental-pressure-on-students-not-enough-in-america-too-much-in-asia.
Data on U.S. placement on the global mathematics literacy test come from M. Lemke et al., “International Outcomes of Learning in Mathematics Literacy and Problem Solving,” National Center for Education Statistics, 2004, accessed December 2006, at http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2005/2005003.pdf.
Late-Breaking Gays
Biographical information regarding former governor Jim McGreevey comes from James E. McGreevey with David France, The Confession (HarperCollins 2006).
Useful articles for this trend included Melissa Fletcher Stoeltje, “Spouses Feel Pushed Aside When Mate Reveals Homosexuality,” San Antonio Express News, July 3, 2005; Katy Butler, “Many Couples Must Negotiate Terms of ‘Brokeback’ Marriages,” New York Times, July 7, 2006; Jane Gross, “Windows to the Closet,” New York Times, November 1, 2004.
The National Survey of Family Growth data can be found at William D. Mosher, Ph.D., Anjani Chandra, Ph.D., and Jo Jones, Ph.D., Division of Vital Statistics, “Sexual Behavior and Selected Health Measures: Men and Women 15–44 Years of Age, United States, 2002,” Table 7, accessed February 2007, at http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/ad/ad362.pdf.
Data on American attitudes toward homosexuality cited in this chapter are summarized by the Gallup Poll, accessed January 2007, at http://www.galluppoll.com/content/Default.aspx?ci=1651&pg=1&VERSION=p.
The blog www.comingoutat48.blogspot.com was quoted in Jane Gross, “When the Beard Is Too Painful to Remove, New York Times, August 3, 2006.
Data on spouses and children come largely from Katy Butler’s article, cited above.
Marriage statistics come from http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/mvsr/supp/mv4312s.pdf (the 1980 number); National Vital Statistics Report, Vol. 54, No. 8, “Births, Marriages, Divorces, and Deaths; Provisional Data for June 2006.”
For the Jason Stuart joke, we are grateful to Joe Kort, “The New Mixed Marriage: When One Partner Is Gay,” originally published in the Psychotherapy Networker, September 2005, accessed January 2007, at http://www.joekort.com/joekort the new mixed marriage.htm.
Dutiful Sons
The main study relied on in this piece is “Caregiving in the U.S.,” National Alliance for Caregiving and AARP, released April 2004.
Life expectancy data come from the Centers for Disease Control: Table 27, “Life Expectancy at Birth, at 65 Years of Age, and at 75 Years of Age, by Race and Sex: United States, Selected Years 1900–2004,” accessed April 2007, at http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hus/hus06.pdf#027.
The Napolitano piece is Peter Napolitano, “Modern Love; Close Enough for Momma, Too Close for Me,” New York Times, December 24, 2006.
Figures on the value lost to companies from absentee workers come from Jane Gross, “As Parents Age, Baby Boomers and Businesses Struggle to Cope,” New York Times, March 25, 2006.
VI. Politics
Impressionable Elites
The Friedman book is, of course, Thomas L. Friedman, The World Is Flat: A Brief History of the 21st Century (Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 2005).
The income data come from David Cay Johnston, “Income Gap Is Widening, Data Shows,” New York Times, March 29, 2007.
The PSB poll was 806 telephone interviews among likely 2008 presidential voters, including an oversample of 400 very likely Democratic presidential primary voters.
