Cited journalists and articles include Mark Leibovich, “Listening and Nodding, Clinton Shapes ’08 Image,” New York Times, March 6, 2007; and Christopher Cooper and Ray A. Smith, “Style on the Stump,” Wall Street Journal, March 31, 2007.

  Useful articles on 527s and their record fund-raising include Chris Suellentrop, “Follow the Money,” Boston Globe, June 26, 2005; and John Broder, “Campaign 2006: 527 Groups Set to Spend Big on Negative Political TV Ads,” New York Times, October 11, 2006.

  Swing Is Still King

  An earlier version of this piece was published in the Washington Post by Mark J. Penn, “Swing Is Still King at the Polls,” on March 21, 2006.

  The data on the growing number of Independents come from Gallup: in January 1966, 23 percent of voters called themselves Independent (see Q98 at http://brain.gallup.com/documents/questionnaire.aspx?STUDY=AIPO0723); in April 2007, 36 percent of voters did (see http://www.galluppoll.com/content/default.aspx?ci=15370).

  The California data come from Report of Registration, Historical Registration Statistics, February 10, 2003, and February 10, 2005, accessed February 2006, at http://www.ss.ca.gov/elections/ror/reg stats 02 10 05.pdf and http://www.ss.ca.gov/elections/ror/regstats 02-10-03.pdf.

  Split-ticket voter information comes from the American National Election Studies Guide to Public Opinion and Electoral Behavior, “Split-Ticket Voting Presidential/Congressional, 1952–2004,” accessed February 2006, at http://www.umich.edu/~nes/nesguide/toptable/tab9b2.htm.

  Congressional ballot data come from Gallup, “Election 2006,” accessible at http://brain.gallup.com/content/?ci=4534.

  CNN exit poll data for 2004, 2000, and 1996, respectively, were accessed at http://www.cnn.com/ELECTION/2004/pages/results/states/US/P/00/epolls.0.html, http://www.cnn.com/ELECTION/2000/results/index.epolls.html, http://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/1996/elections/natl.exit.poll/index1.html.

  Militant Illegals

  Thanks to my friend and colleague Sergio Bendixen for his review and thoughtful comments on this chapter.

  Directed by Fred W. Friendly and starring Edward R. Murrow, Harvest of Shame was a documentary aired on CBS News on Thanksgiving 1960.

  The Sensenbrenner bill was H.R. 4437, the Border Protection, Anti-Terrorism, and Illegal Immigration Control Act of 2005, passed by the 109th Congress on December 16, 2005. It did not pass the Senate.

  Data on the Hispanic electorate come from Roberto Suro, Richard Fry, and Jeffrey Passell, “Hispanics and the 2004 Election: Population, Electorate, and Voters,” Pew Hispanic Center, June 27, 2005. For 2004 exit poll data, see http://us.cnn.com/ELECTION/2004/pages/results/states/US/P/00/epolls.0.html.

  The state-by-state data on the Hispanic electorate in the graph come from U.S. Census, http://www.census.gov/population/socdemo/voting/cps2004/tab04a.xls (for 2004) and http://www.census.gov/population/socdemo/voting/p20-466/tab04.pdf (for 1992).

  The 2006 Pew Study was Roberto Suro and Gabriel Escobar, “2006 National Survey of Latinos,” Pew Hispanic Center, July 13, 2006. Data on actual Latino performance in the 2006 midterm elections come from “Latinos and the 2006 Mid-term Election,” Pew Hispanic Center, November 27, 2006.

  The 2006 Gallup data on Latino party identification come from Gallup’s annual Minority Rights and Relations poll, reported July 6, 2006.

  The New Democrat Network poll is “Inside the Mind of Hispanic Voters,” conducted June 24–July 1, 2006, by LatinInsights, and released July 19, 2006.

  Health insurance and education data among Latino immigrants are drawn from Steven A. Camarota, “Immigrants at Mid-Decade: A Snapshot of America’s Foreign-Born Population in 2005,” Center for Immigration Studies, December 2005.

  Christian Zionists

  Data on American support of Israel can be found at Gallup poll, “Perceptions of Foreign Countries,” February 1–4, 2007, accessed April 2007, at http://www.galluppoll.com/content/default.aspx?ci=1624&pg=2.

  Articles useful to this chapter included Jane Lampman, “Mixing Prophecy and Politics,” Christian Science Monitor, July 7, 2004; Bill Broadway, “The Evangelical-Israeli Connection,” Washington Post, March 27, 2004; David D. Kirkpatrick, “For Evangelicals, Supporting Israel Is ‘God’s Foreign Policy,’” New York Times, November 14, 2006; Richard Allen Greene, “Evangelical Christians Plead for Israel,” BBC News, July 19, 2006; and Max Blumenthal, “Birth Pangs of a New Christian Zionism,” posted August 8, 2006, accessed October 2006, at http://www.thenation.com/doc/20060814/new_christianz_ionism.

  The Pew poll regarding views on God’s giving the state of Israel to the Jews is the Pew Research Center for the People and the Press and the Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life, “Many Americans Uneasy with Mix of Religion and Politics,” p. 20, released August 24, 2006.

  Citations from David Brog come from “Righteous Gentiles at the Right Time,” Religion News Service, June 5, 2006, among other sources. Thanks also to Jonathan Kessler for informing the discussion of former president Jimmy Carter’s book Palestine: Peace, not Apartheid (Simon & Schuster, 2006).

  Newly Released Ex-Cons

  Trend data on reentrants come from Paige M. Harrison and Allen J. Beck, Bureau of Justice Statistics Bulletin, Prison and Jail Inmates at Midyear 2005 (May 2006), and earlier versions. Demographic data come from the U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics, “Reentry Trends in the U.S., Characteristics of Releases,” accessed January 2007, at http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/reentry/characteristics.htm. Thanks also to Amy Solomon for helping us navigate the data; and to Jeremy Travis, the true reentry pioneer.

  Trend data on the jail and prison population generally come from Table 335, “Adults on Probation, in Jail or Prison, or on Parole: 1980–2004,” U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2007.

  Data from the International Centre for Prison Studies can be found at http://www.prisonstudies.org/.

  Data on the transportation of convicts to Australia can be found on the Web site “Convicts to Australia: A Guide to Researching Your Convict Ancestors,” accessible at http://members.iinet.com.au/~perthdps/convicts/res-02.html.

  Recidivism data come from U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics, “Reentry Trends in the U.S., Recidivism,” accessed January 2007, at http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/reentry/recidivism.htm.

  The figure on children with parents in prison comes from Julie Delcour, “Second Chance,” Tulsa World, December 10, 2006.

  Other articles useful to this chapter include “A Stigma That Never Fades,” The Economist, August 8, 2002, which cites the survey of employers in large cities and the Cleveland study; Eric Eckholm, “Time Served: The Revolving Door,” New York Times, August 12, 2006; and Rex W. Huppke, “Rehabilitation or Recycling?,” Chicago Tribune, March 12, 2006.

  VII. Teens

  The Mildly Disordered

  Autism statistics come from http://www.fightingautism.org/idea/autism.php?s=US&z=s. Data on children being treated with antipsychotic drugs come from Joan Lowry, “US Families Face Learning Disabilities,” Ventura County Star, December 21, 2003.

  Data from the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act come from U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2006, “The Condition of Education 2006,” NCES 2006-071, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.

  Research on the growing number of students getting extra time on the SAT comes from Mark Franek, “Time to Think,” New York Times, March 29, 2006.

  Data on the after-school tutoring industry come from Diane Heldt, “Tutors Aid More than Rich or Kids with Learning Woes,” Associated Press State and Local Wire, October 17, 2005.

  The data on college students’ mental health is Robert P. Gallagher, “National Survey of Counseling Center Directors, 2005,” published by the International Association of Counseling Services, Inc.—Monograph Series No. 80, accessed December 2006, at http://www.education.pitt.edu/survey/nsccd/archive/2005.monograph.pdf.

  For more on infant disorders, see Elizabeth Bernstein, “Sending Baby to the Shrink,” Associated Press Financial Wire, October 24, 2006.

  Young Knitters

  Most of the data on knitting and crocheting participation come from the Craft Yarn Council of America study found on their Web site, CYCA News, http://www.craftyarncouncil.com/know.html, accessed October 2006.

  For more information on men’s knitting groups and their history, see Men’s Knitting Site for Men Who Knit, http://www.menknit.net/, accessed October 2006.

  Other articles helpful to this chapter included Kate Stone Lombardi, “The Cool World of Knitting (Really),” New York Times, February 13, 2005; Nancy Carollo, “Everything Old Is New Again,” New Orleans Times-Picayune, March 23, 2006; and Denise DiFulco, “Sewing, So Fashionable; Projects Once Humbly ‘Homemade’ Are Now Touted as ‘Handmade,’” Washington Post, September 21, 2006.

  Black Teen Idols

  The Casey study is at “Coverage in Context: How Thoroughly the News Media Report Five Key Children’s Issues,” February 2002, accessed April 2007, at http://cjc.umd.edu/about/ContentStudyExecSummary.htm.

  The data on twelfth-grade churchgoing come from Child Trends Databank, “Religious Services Attendance,” accessed April 2007, at http://www.childrensdatabank.org/pdf/32 PDF.pdf.

  The data on volunteering and voting behavior come from Karlo Barrios Marcelo, Mark Hugo Lopez, and Emily Hoban Kirby, “Civic Engagement Among Minority Youth,” January 2007, accessed April 2007, at http://www.civicyouth.org/PopUps/FactSheets/FS 07 minority ce.pdf, analyzing data from “Monitoring the Future, High School Senior Survey, 1983–2005” and its earlier version, Mark Hugo Lopez, “Civic Engagement Among Minority Youth,” September 2002. Both documents were produced by CIRCLE, the Center for Information and Research on Civic Learning and Engagement, based in the University of Maryland’s School of Public Affairs.

  The City Year data were provided by Alison Franklin, co-director, Strategic Communications, City Year, via e-mail dated April 18, 2007. For more information on City Year and its application process, see www.cityyear.org.

  Data on black adult volunteering come from “Volunteering in America: State Trends and Rankings, 2005 Key Volunteer Statistics,” accessed April 2007, at http://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d03/tables/dt107.asp.

  The information on volunteer preference by race comes from “College Students Helping America,” Corporation for National and Community Service, October 2006, accessed April 2007, at http://www.nationalservice.gov/pdf/06 1016 RPD college full.pdf.

  The 2002 study on black party identification is David A. Bositis, “2002 National Opinion Poll,” Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies, conducted September 17–October 21, 2002.

  All data on high school dropouts, college enrollment, college graduation, and master’s degrees come from the National Center for Education Statistics. The particular tables are as follows: Table 107, “Percent of High School Dropouts (Status Dropouts) Among Persons 16 to 24 Years Old, by Sex and Race/Ethnicity: Selected Years: April 1960 to October 2001,” http://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d03/tables/dt107.asp; Table 181, “College Enrollment and Enrollment Rates of Recent High School Completers, by Race/Ethnicity: 1960 Through 2004,” http://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d05/tables/dt05 181.asp: Table 261, “Bachelor’s Degrees Conferred by Degree-Granting Institutions, by Racial/Ethnic Group and Sex of Student: Selected Years, 1976–77 Through 2003–04,” http://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d05/tables/dt05 261.asp; Table 264, “Master’s Degrees Conferred by Degree-Granting Institutions, by Racial/Ethnic Group and Sex of Student: Selected Years, 1976–77 Through 2003–04,” http://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d05/tables/dt05 264.asp.

  Some data on the black middle class come from Robert L. Harris, Jr., “The Rise of the Black Middle Class,” The World and I, February 1999, Vol. 14, No. 2. The data on black-owned businesses come from Elwin Green, “Black Business Owners on Rise,” Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, April 18, 2006.

  High School Moguls

  The very useful BusinessWeek article is Rochelle Sharpe et al., “Teen Moguls,” BusinessWeek, May 29, 2000, accessed January 2007. Other useful articles included Penelope Green, “Barons Before Bedtime,” New York Times, January 25, 2007.

  For more information about the Chocolate Farm and its founders, see www.chocolatefarm.com; http://www.mary-kateandashley.com/mind_body_soul/article.php?88.

  For more information about AnandTech and its founder, see www.anandtech.com: http://www.rediff.com/us/2000/mar/24us3.htm.

  The YoungBiz study can be found at Party Mayeux, “Report on America’s Top ’Treps,” The 2001 YoungBiz 100, accessed at http://www.youngbiz.com/aspindex.asp?fileName=yb mag news/2001youngbiz100/main.htm.

  The Junior Achievement study on teens’ attitudes toward entrepreneurship is “2006 Interprise Poll on Teens and Entrepreneurship,” conducted by Junior Achievement Worldwide, August 28, 2006.

  Aspiring Snipers

  The New America poll of California teenagers was conducted in November 2006 by Bendixen and Associates.

  The cited poem comes from www.snipersparadise.com, accessed January 2007.

  Useful articles for this chapter included Matthew Cox, “Time to Go SNIPER!,” Army Times, March 6, 2006; John C. K. Daly, “UPI Terrorism Watch,” UPI, July 27, 2005; and Richard Whittle, “Fatal from Afar,” Dallas Morning News, July 7, 2005.

  The 2007 data on American attitudes toward the Iraq War and the troops fighting it come from Jodie T. Allen, Nilanthi Samaranayake, and James Albrittain, Jr., “Iraq and Vietnam: A Crucial Difference in Opinion,” Pew Research Center for the People and the Press, March 22, 2007, , accessed March 2007.

  VIII. Food, Drink, and Diet

  Vegan Children

  The data on Vegetarian Children come largely from a 2005 poll conducted by Harris Interactive on behalf of the Vegetarian Resource Group, April 14–18, 2005, among a nationwide sample of 1,264 U.S. youth aged 8–18; accessed February 2007, at http://www.vrg.org/journal/vj2005issue4/vj2005issue4youth.htm.

  The National Beef Council’s campaign was reported in Kate Kompas, “1 in 4 Teens Say Vegetarianism Is Cool,” St. Cloud Times, February 17, 2003.

  The studies showing health effects of vegetarianism were conducted on Seventh-Day Adventists, and reported, among other places, in Sharon Bloyd-Peshkin, “Meatless Wonders,” Chicago Tribune, October 5, 2003.

  Also useful to this piece were Jennifer Nelson, “Don’t Have a Cow, Mom,” Washington Post, October 31, 2006; and Virginia Rohan, “Veggie Vanguard,” The Record (Bergen County, NJ), April 13, 2003.

  A Disproportionate Burden

  Data on America’s weight gain come from Cynthia L. Ogden, Ph.D., et al., “Mean Body Weight, Height, and Body Mass Index, United States, 1960–2002,” October 27, 2004, accessed August 2006, at http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/ad/ad347.pdf.

  Useful articles for this chapter included Christine Gorman, “More than Just a Little Chunky,” TIME, July 9, 2006; and John Stucke, “Weighty Issues,” Spokesman Review, March 26, 2006.

  The figure on the cost of obesity comes from “Companies Fight Employee Fat, Hoping to Trim the Bottom Line,” Associated Press, February 3, 2003.

  For more on the Food and Drug Administration’s Plan obesity-tackling plan, see http://www.fda.gov/loseweight/obesity plan.htm.

  The first JAMA study is Katherine M. Flegal, Ph.D., et al., “Prevalence and Trends in Obesity Among US Adults, 1999–2000,” JAMA, Vol. 288, No. 14, October 9, 2002.

  Obesity rates over time come from National Center for Health Statistics, Health, United States, 2006, with Chartbook on Trends in the Health of Americans, Hyattsville, MD: 2006, Table 73, “Overweight, Obesity, and Healthy Weight Among Persons 20 Years of Age and Over, by Sex, Age, Race, and Hispanic Origin, and Poverty Level: United States, 1960–1962 Through 2001–2004,” accessed August 2006, at http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hus/hus06.pdf#073.

  The second JAMA study is Kathleen McTigue, MD, MS, MPH, et al., “Mortality and Cardiac and Vascular Outcomes in Extremely Obese Women,” JAMA, Vol. 296, No 1, July 5, 2006.

  Data on black women’s participation in the workforce come from Bureau of Labor Statistics, Household Data Annual Averages, Table 10, “Employed Persons by Occupation, Race, Hispanic, or Latino Ethnicity, and Sex,” accessed January 2007 at http://www.bls.gov/cps.cpsaat10.pdf.

  Data on black women raising children come from U.S. Census, Table 3, “Children Living with Relatives by Type of Relative, Presence of Parents, by Race and Hispanic Origin and Whether Below Poverty Level: 2001,” accessed January 2007, at http://www.census.gov/population/socdemo/child/sipp2001/tab03-03.pdf.

  The New York City study is “Women at Risk: The Health of Women in New York City,” a report from the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, March 2005, accessed January 2007, at http://www.cmwf.org/usr doc/Final Women At Risk.pdf, and reported in Marc Santora, “Study Finds More Obesity and Less Exercising,” New York Times, March 8, 2005.

  In the International Picture, the global numbers on obesity and undernourishment, as well as some of the data on specific countries, come from Claire Nullis, “Africa Faces Growing Obesity Problem,” Associated Press, November 29, 2006, accessed January 2007, at http://www.breitbart.com/article.php?id=D8LN0P6G1&show article=1.

  The worldwide obesity numbers come from http://www.who.int/nutrition/topics/obesity/en/index.html. A very helpful article here was Jane E. Brody, “As America Gets Bigger, the World Does, Too,” New York Times, April 19, 2005.

  Mexican data come from “Obesity on the Rise in Mexico,” The Economist, December 18, 2004.

  Starving for Life

  The Cornell and subsequent research on life extension through calorie restriction, as well as the effects of such diets, are summarized in Michael Mason, “One for the Ages: A Prescription That May Extend Life,” New York Times, October 31, 2006; and David Schardt, “Eat Less Live Longer?,” Nutrition Action Healthletter, Center for Science in the Public Interest, September 1, 2003.