Battle of Zhawar

  Bay of Pigs

  air strikes, rejection of at

  battle at

  Castro, response to

  as chosen site

  failure of

  investigation of

  parachute drop at

  prisoners of

  Bay of Pigs, The (Johnson)

  Bearden, Milton

  Beerli, Stanley

  Belgian Congo. See Congo.

  Belgrade: Chinese embassy bombing in

  Berlin: blockade of

  Berlin Wall: tearing down of

  Bermudez, Enrique V.

  Bin Laden, Osama

  Bissell, Richard M.

  Project Ate, faith in

  resignation of

  on Third World

  Black Hawk Down (film)

  Blowback: as term

  Blue and White Book, The (Chamorro)

  Boland Amendment

  and contras

  revision of

  violations of

  Bolivia

  Bosnia

  arms traffic, inquiry into

  UN arms embargo in

  Bosnia-Herzegovina

  Boykin, William

  Braden, Thomas D.

  Brezhnev, Leonid

  Broe, William V.

  Bross, John A.

  Brown, Winthrop

  Bruce, David K. E.

  Brushfire wars

  Brzezinski, Zbigniew

  and Afghanistan

  and Iranian hostage crisis

  Buckley, William

  kidnapping of

  Buell, Edgar M.: as legend

  Bulgaria

  Bundy, McGeorge

  on covert operations

  and Guyana

  and Vietnam

  Burgess, Guy

  Burke, Arleigh

  Burke, E. Michael

  Burma

  campaign in

  drugs in

  martial law in

  U.S. relations with, as ruined

  Burnham, L. Forbes

  antagonism of

  leadership of

  Bush, George H. W.

  and Angola

  assassination attempt against

  as CIA director

  and Hussein

  and Nicaragua

  and third country operations

  and Yugoslavia

  Bush, George W.

  Axis of Evil comment

  democracy, blackened under

  Cabell, Charles P.

  and Cuba

  Calero, Adolfo Portocarrero

  Cambodia: invasion of

  Khmer Rouge in

  and Pol Pot

  Carr, Harry Lambton

  Carter Doctrine

  Carter, Jimmy

  and Afghanistan

  and covert operations

  executive primacy, defense of

  and human rights

  and intelligence reform

  and Iranian hostage crisis

  and Nicaragua

  Casey, William J.

  and Afghanistan

  career of

  as CIA director

  covert action, advocate of

  death of

  and Iran

  judgment of

  and Nicaragua

  oversight, disdain for

  poor speaking ability of

  Project Democracy, leader of

  resignation of

  and third-country funding

  Castillo-Armas, Carlos

  invasion by

  Castro, Fidel

  air force, destruction of

  and Allende

  American vendetta against

  assassination plots against

  Bay of Pigs, as boon to

  and CIA, as organizing tool

  CIA invasion plan, knowledge of

  opposition to

  ousting of, plan to

  popularity of

  radicalization of

  security forces of

  triumph of

  Cave, George W.

  Central Intelligence Agency (CIA): and Afghan Arabs

  in Afghanistan

  in Africa

  agent recruitment, guidelines on

  and Allende coup

  American Federation of Labor (AFI), ties to

  Ames case, handling of

  in Angola

  anti-war movement, domestic operations against

  and ARC wings

  assassination efforts of

  authority of

  in Baltic states

  bank failures, link to

  Bay of Pigs, investigation of within

  in Bolivia

  in Bosnia

  and Casey Accords

  and Castro assassination plot

  changes in

  in Chile

  in Chile, public hearings on

  in China

  as clan

  cleavage in

  code of conduct, proposal for

  code names of

  and Cold War

  and Congo

  Congress, relationship with, as critical

  and Constitution

  and containment

  and contras

  and contras, bank account for

  contras, defense of

  coups, in Vietnam, support for

  and covert operations

  covert operations, control, need for

  covert operations, legal basis for

  cowboy syndrome in

  and Cuba

  Cuban exiles, tension between

  Cuban exiles, training of

  cutbacks in

  domestic activity of

  domestic criticism of

  and drug trafficking

  and Eastern Europe

  in El Salvador

  Encounter, funding of

  in Europe

  expansion of, under Truman

  and 5412 Group

  and Ford Foundation

  forming of

  in Ghana

  and glass ceiling study

  growth of

  in Guatemala

  and Che Guevara

  in Guyana

  and Haiti

  Hmong tribe, alliance with

  in Honduras

  and Hughes-Ryan Amendment

  Hussein, shadow war against

  in Indonesia

  International Volunteer Air Group, responsibility for

  in Iran

  and Iranian hostage crisis

  in Iraq

  in Italy

  and ITT connection

  and Cheddi Jagan

  and journalism

  and Killian Board

  and Kurds

  in Laos

  and law firms

  and liberation army

  and Mafia alliance

  malaise in

  Manchurian guerrillas, aid to

  and Marshall Plan

  monies, funneling of

  morale at

  and mujahedeen

  mujahedeen, training of

  and nation-building

  National Student Association, funding of

  new headquarters of

  and “New Look” military strategy

  New York Times, link to

  and Nicaragua

  Nicaragua, mining campaign in

  Manuel Noriega, recruitment of

  oversight of

  oversight units, recommendations of

  and overt covert action

  Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), relationship with

  and paramilitary activities

  Pentagon, coordination between

  in Philippines

  pixie expeditions of

  in Poland

  and political action

  as president’s tool

  and press leaks

  private institutions, funding of

  Project Brushfire, commissioning of

  propaganda, as less prestigious

  proprietaries of

  public conception of, as eroding

  and Q-boats

  Radios, links to

  responsibilities of

  as rogue elephant

  and samizdat

  secret armies of

  and secret warfare

  and SIS

  in Somalia

  in Southeast Asia

  Soviet communism, war against

  special activities, responsibility for

  special missions, training of

  Springfjord, sinking of

  and stay-behind networks

  third-force political movements, as sponsor of

  in Tibet

  Tibetans, training of

  transformation of

  in Ukraine

  U.S. military, formal relationship of

  in Vietnam

  and Volunteer Freedom Corps initiative

  Watergate, effect on

  weapons of mass destruction, claims of

  women in

  Central Intelligence Group (CIG). See also Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).

  Chalabi, Ahmad

  Hussein, uprising against

  Chamorro, Edgar

  Cheng Kai-min

  Chennault, Claire

  Chernenko, Konstantin

  Chiang Ching-kuo

  Chile

  American imperialism, as evidence of

  destabilization of

  economic turmoil in

  repression in

  unrest in

  China

  CIA in

  embargo of

  factions in

  heroin traffic in

  Church Committee

  and Angola

  on assassination plots

  Church, Frank

  Churchill, Winston

  CIA and the Cult of Intelligence, The (Marchetti and Marks)

  Civil Air Transport (CAT)

  and CIA

  as covert asset

  creation of

  founding of

  and Project Paper

  in Vietnam

  Civilian Irregular Defense Groups (CIDGs)

  Civilian Military Assistance

  Civil Operations and Rural Development Support (CORDS)

  Clarridge, Duane R. “Dewey”

  on mining campaign

  and Nicaragua secret war

  Cline, Ray L.

  Clines, Thomas C.

  Clinton, Bill

  Bosnia

  and Guatemala

  and Hussein

  and Iraq

  lift and strike policy of

  and Somalia

  Cogan, Charles G.

  Colby, William E.

  as CIA director

  and covert operations hearings

  firing of

  on Hungary

  resignation of

  in Vietnam

  Cold War

  in Asia

  beginning of

  and CIA

  and covert operations

  end of

  intensification of

  and Soviet Union

  Colombia: coup in

  Committee for the Defense of National Interests (CDNI): CIA backing of

  Committee for a Free Asia

  Committee for a Free Europe

  Congo

  assistance, request for

  civil war in

  disintegration of

  independence of

  and Katanga

  renaming of

  revolt in

  Russian involvement in. See also Zaire.

  Congolese National Army

  Congress: covert action, legal basis for

  covert action, and presidential mandate

  and intelligence oversight, regulation of

  intelligence reform legislation

  oversight, need for

  Congress for Cultural Freedom

  Containment: as term, coining of

  Continental Operations Department

  Contra campaign: international law, as violation of

  Contras

  achievements of, as minimal

  aid to

  aid, halting of

  aid, solicitation of

  air campaign of

  and airlift campaign

  and bridging funds

  Brunei, aid to

  casualties of

  as democratic, portrayal of

  disintegration of

  and drug trafficking

  and human rights abuses

  image of

  inquiries into

  internal squabbling of

  and Iran arms sales

  Saudi Arabia, aid to

  settlement with

  Contreras, Manuel Sepulveda

  Copeland, Miles

  Corcoran, Thomas G.

  Correa, Matthias F.

  Costa Rica

  and contras

  Counterinsurgency (CI) theory

  and demotic strategy

  techniques of

  Counter Intelligence Corps (CIC)

  Military Intelligence, control of

  rat lines, operation of

  spy networks of

  Counterterrorism Center (CTC)

  fusion centers, proliferation of

  Covert action

  and American foreign policy

  and American purpose

  and budgeting

  in Chile

  Congress, oversight of, as need for

  control over, as need for

  and executive-legislative relationships

  expansion of, under Reagan

  and human rights

  imperial presidency, danger of

  legal basis for

  National Security Act, and authority for

  and oversight

  and paramilitary operations

  as presidential prerogative

  and private individuals

  regulation of, as work in progress

  successes of

  and third-party activities. See also Covert operations.

  Covert Action Planning Group

  Covert Action Review Group

  Covert operations

  under assault

  categories of

  and CIA

  consequences of

  as defined

  democracy, as impediment to

  as embarrassing

  and espionage

  evolution of

  hearings on

  legality of

  and plausible deniability

  policy, as implementation of

  and political action

  and realpolitik

  and Special Group

  as third option

  U.S. domestic policies, impact on

  weaknesses of

  as weapon, against weak. See also Covert action.

  Cox, Alfred T.

  in China

  and Project Paper

  Craft of Intelligence, The (A. Dulles)

  Crisis Pre-Planning Group (CPPG). See also 40 Committee.

  Critchfield, James M.

  Cuba

  airdrops into

  and Bay of Pigs

  exile force of

  and Guyana

  invasion of

  Mafia in

  and Missile Crisis

  radicalization of

  resistance in, as uneven

  sugar industry, nationalization of

  Soviet military aid to

  Soviet missiles in

  trade embargo of. See also Bay of Pigs; Castro, Fidel; Cuban exiles.

  Cuban exiles

  air force of

  at Bay of Pigs

  brigade, notion of

  and Castro murder plot

  and CIA, tension between

  and Cuba Coordinating Committee

  as freedom fighters

  mutiny of

  policy toward

  training of

  Cuban Missile Crisis

  end of

  Cubela, Rolando Secades

  Czechoslovakia

  riots in

  Dalai Lama

  asylum, request for

  CIA subsidies to

  Daoud, Sardar Mohammed

  Daugherty, William J.

  Davis, Robert K.

  Democracy

  Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (DRA)

  Desert One

  Desert Two

  De Silva, Peer

  Deutch, John M.

  approach of

  as CIA director

  resignation of

  as unpopular

  Devlin, Lawrence R.

  and Lumumba assassination plot

  Diem, Ngo Dinh

  and coup against

  support, loss of

  DINA

  Washington and Chile, collusion between

  Director of National Intelligence (DNI)

  Directorate for Operations (DO)

  budget of

  changes in

  criticism of

  growth of

  and Guyana

  as insular

  strengthening of

  Directorate for Plans. See Directorate for Operations.

  Displaced Persons (DPs)

  special units, in U.S. army

  Domino theory

  Donovan, William J.

  Doolittle, James H.

  Doolittle Report: recommendations of, as controversial

  secret war, rationale for

  Dosti, Hassan

  Downey, John T.

  capture of

  release of

  Droller, Gary

  Dulles, Allen W.

  and Castro assassination plot

  as CIA director

  and Doolittle Report

  and Guatemala

  and Guyana

  image of

  reputation, decline of

  retirement of

  Dulles-Jackson-Correa report

  Dulles, John Foster

  as abrasive

  and Indonesia

  nonalignment, opposition to

  reforms of

  secret war, role in

  secret war, zeal toward

  Dutch West India Company

  Eastern Europe

  and self-determination

  East Germany

  collapse of

  demonstrations in

  Economic warfare

  Edwards, Augustín

  Edwards, Sheffield

  Egypt

  Eisenhower, Dwight D.

  and Castro

  Cold War, commitment to

  communism, struggle against

  covert action, control over

  covert operations, institutionalization of

  covert operations, reliance of on

  and Cuba

  Cuban invasion, approval of

  democratic values, extolling of

  and Eastern Europe

  and Guatemala

  and Guyana

  and Indonesia

  isolationism, rejection of

  and Laos

  and nuclear weapons

  and Operations Coordinating Board (OCB)

  and Planning Coordination Group

  plausible deniability doctrine of

  and psychological warfare

  and Sukarno

  secret war, as intimately involved in

  secret warriors, powers of

  and Special Group (5412 Group)

  and Taiwan Straits

  and Tibet

  and Vietnam

  El Mercurio (newspaper): CIA news plants in

  CIA payments to

  subsidy, end of

  El Salvador