imitation, 56–57

  immigration, 228

  Indianapolis Star, 290

  Indochina, 255, 256

  Ingersoll, Robert, 257

  interracial marriage, 240

  intimidation, 58

  Isaac, 108, 110, 185, 195

  Isaiah, 115

  Ishmael, 108, 110

  Jack, as culture hero, 54

  Jackson, Andrew, 288

  Jackson, Clemon, 356, 358, 359, 361

  Jackson, George Pullen, 136

  Jackson, Gertrude, 356–359, 361, 367, 382

  Jackson, Hattie, 359

  Jackson, Matthew L., 353

  Jackson, William, 356–359, 367

  Jacksonville, Florida, 187, 191, 193, 240

  Jacob, 185, 195

  Jamaica Police, 176

  James, Jesse, 327

  Jamison, R. D., 100

  Japan, 273

  Japheth, sons of, 233

  jazz, 2, 4, 9, 60, 134–137, 188–189

  “Jazz Regarded as Social Achievement” (Hurston), 8, 134–137

  Jefferson, Jessie, 71

  Jefferson, Thomas, 287, 290

  Jemison, Dolley, 92

  Jenkins, P. S., 99

  Jeremiah, 115

  Jim Crow, 2, 4, 204–205, 256–258, 293

  John Henry, 30, 54, 113–114

  Johnson, Bishop R. A. R., 81, 83–89

  Johnson, Charles S., 147, 251

  Johnson, Hall, 77

  Johnson, J. Rosamond, 127

  Johnson, James Weldon, 5, 7–8, 127, 175, 240, 307

  Johnson, Malcolm, 330

  Johnson, Pat, 197, 200

  Johnson, Rosamond, 77

  Johnson, Sally, 101

  Jolson, Al, 113

  Jonah, 115

  Jonah’s Gourd Vine (Hurston), 9, 127–128

  Jones, Casey, 113

  Jones, Julia, 81, 94–97

  Jones, Julian, 94

  Jonson, Ben, 192

  Jooks, 59–64, 136

  Jordan, Frederick Douglass, 155, 171

  Journal of American Folk-Lore, 114

  Joyce, Peggy Hopkins, 189

  Justice, Butts, 88

  “Justice and Fair Play Aim of Judge Adams as Ruby Goes on Trial” (Hurston), 334–335

  “K-K-K-Katy,” 151

  Kansas, 221

  Kissimmee Prairie, Florida, 196, 200

  Korean War, 271, 277

  Ku Klux Klan, 126, 174, 265

  “Last Slave Ship, The” (Hurston), 38–46

  Latin language, 193

  “Lawrence of the River” (Hurston), 14, 196–203

  Lead Belly, 137

  Lee, John Robert Edward Sr., 226, 244

  Lee, Robert E., 390

  Leonard, Robert Josselyn, 167–169

  Lester, B. F., 199, 200

  Leveau, Marie, 139, 141

  Lewis, Charlotte Beatrice, 153

  Lewis, Cudgo (Kossula-O-Loo-Ay), 38–42, 44–46

  Lewis, James Leonard, 243, 244

  Lewis, Rockford, 140

  Lewis, Sinclair, 148

  liberals, 289–290

  “Life Story of Mrs. Ruby J. McCollum, The!” (Hurston), 354–386

  Lincoln, Abraham, 38, 285, 320

  Lincoln Brigade, 277

  Lincoln University, 246

  literacy, 124, 265

  Literacy Clause, 265

  Little Rock, Arkansas, 1, 300–301, 305, 310

  Live Oak, Florida, 18–20, 315–353, 368–401, 387–401

  Lloyd George, David, 175

  Lochard, Metz T. P., 170

  Locke, Alain Leroy, 3, 131–133, 170

  Lockwood, Irene, 101

  Lodge family, 287

  Lomax, Alan, 137

  “Long, Long Trail a Winding,” 151

  Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, 25–26

  Looby, Z. Alexander, 155, 171

  Lord’s Prayer, 80

  “Lost Keys of Glory, The” (Hurston), 10–12, 206–210

  Louisiana, 134, 135, 138–142, 223

  love-making, 58–59

  Luce, Clare Booth, 213–214

  Lucy, Autherine, 304–305

  Lummox (Hurst), 118

  Luther, Martin, 89

  Lykes brothers, 197, 199, 200

  lynching, 19, 20, 126, 193, 265, 286

  Macedonia Baptist church, 90

  Mack, Julian William, 179–180

  Magic Island (Seabrook), 139, 141

  Main Street (Lewis), 148

  Mama Jane, 79

  mammying-up, 197–198

  “Manish Women” (Gates), 12

  Marbury, Elisabeth, 120, 121

  Marcantonio, Vito, 290

  Mark Antony, 182

  Martin, Florida, 361, 362, 364, 366, 369

  Mason, Charlotte Osgood, 204

  McCollough, William H., 316, 317, 320, 325

  McCollum, Buck, 366

  McCollum, Ruby Jackson, 18–22, 315–319, 321–332, 334–401 (see also Ruby McCollum Series (Hurston))

  McCollum, Sam, 19, 20, 325, 326, 340, 345–347, 351, 353, 362, 364–377, 379–383, 388, 389, 391, 395

  McCollum, Sam Jr., 367, 370, 372

  McCollum, Sonya, 337, 338, 343, 345, 346, 372–374

  “McCollum-Adams Trial Highlights” (Hurston), 336

  McGhee, Norman L. Sr., 154, 158

  McGriff, Releford, 352, 378

  “Me Too” movement, 21

  Meaher brothers, 42–45

  Mencken, H. L., 126

  metaphor, 47, 49

  Methodist church, 82, 97

  Middle Ages, 281

  middle class, 6–7, 10, 17

  Middle Passage, 29

  Miles, John, 153

  Miles Mill, South Carolina, 95

  military, 1, 221, 307

  Miller, Flournoy E., 110

  Miller, Kelly, 155–157, 169

  Miller, Lyles, 110

  Miller, May, 151, 153

  mimicry, 56–57

  minstrelsy, 4, 110, 112

  miscegenation, 228, 240, 393

  Mississippi, 222

  Mississippi River, 60

  Mississippi Sound, 44

  Mobile, Alabama, 42, 50–51

  Mobile Bay, 38, 44

  Mobile Register, 42, 51

  Moe, Henry Allen, 240

  Mongolian nose, 195

  Montgomery Bus Boycott, 1

  Moore, Henry, 81, 104

  Morehouse College, 226, 246

  Morgan State College, 246, 251, 305

  Morrison, Toni, 2

  Morse, Leonard Francis, 359, 360

  “Mother Catherine” (Hurston), 5

  motherhood, 214

  “Mourner’s Bench: Why the Negro Won’t Buy Communism” (Hurston), 270–283

  mulattos, 301, 303

  Mules and Men (Hurston), 128, 140

  Murphy, Carl J., 165

  Musgrave, Vero, 336

  music, 4, 7, 9, 34–37, 52, 53, 56, 57, 59–60, 63–64, 123, 127, 128, 134–137, 188–189

  “My Impressions of the Trial” (Hurston), 387–401

  “My Most Humiliating Jim Crow Experience” (Hurston), 14, 204–205

  Napoleon Bonaparte, 174, 255, 355

  Nashville, Tennessee, 60

  National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), 17, 277, 300–311

  Neal, Claude, 193

  Negro History Week, 271

  “Negro National Anthem,” 127

  “Negro Voter Sizes Up Taft, A” (Hurston), 284–295

  Negro World (newspaper), 175

  “Negroes Without Self-Pity” (Hurston), 242–244

  neologisms, 4

  neurasthenics, 214

  New Chapel, Florida, 361

  New Deal, 288, 289, 293, 298

  New Negro, The: An Interpretation (Locke), 131, 133

  New Orleans, Louisiana, 134, 135, 138–142

  New Zion church, 90

  Niagara Falls, 120–121

  Niagara Movement, 302, 307

  Nigger Heaven (Van Vechten), 147

  Nkrumah, Kwami, 310, 311

  Normans, 192

  North Carolina, 239, 240, 308

  North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company, 308

  North Carolina State College for Negroes, 239

  Northwestern University, 226

  noses, 184–185, 194–195

  “Noses” (Hurston), 13, 184–185

  “Now Take Noses” (Hurston), 13, 194–195

  Ocala, Florida, 356, 362, 365, 369

  Ohio, 284–286

  Ol’ Man Adam an’ His Chillun (Bradford), 113

  “Old Folks at Home,” 315

  Old Testament, 3, 6, 51, 80, 113

  oleomargarine, 107, 109

  Opportunity magazine, 131

  originality, 56

  Other Room, The (Hedden), 147

  “Paramour Rights” (Hurston), 19

  Parker, Bernard, 330

  Parks, Edward L., 155

  Patterson, William, 271

  Paul, 328

  Paul Bunyan, Paul, 114

  Peace Information Center, The, 270

  Pearson, Drew, 309

  Pennington, Ann, 63

  Pepper, Claude, 225, 227, 260, 268, 291

  Percival, Sir, 219

  Perkins, Frances, 290

  “‘Pet Negro’ System, The” (Hurston), 13, 233–241

  pet system, 234–241

  Peter the Apostle, 54

  Peterkin, Julia, 112, 145

  Pickens, William, 175

  Pilgrim Baptist Church, 92

  Pirates of Penzance, The (Gilbert and Sullivan), 224

  Pittsburgh Courier, 18, 277–278, 390

  Plateau, Alabama (African Town), 38, 45

  poetry, 4, 5

  polka, 135

  poll taxes, 286

  prayers, 3, 4, 6, 51, 78–80, 82, 83

  preachers, 3, 5, 7, 67, 68, 72, 78–79, 81–83, 89–93

  presidential elections

  of 1800, 290

  of 1952, 220–223, 275, 284, 294–295

  Price, Doctor, 316, 320, 325

  Priestly, Alfred Cromwell, 171

  Princeton University, 246

  privacy, concept of, 58–59

  Property Clause, 265

  Prospero, Ada, 128

  publishing, 144, 148

  quadrille, 135

  “Race Cannot Become Great Until It Recognizes Its Talent” (Hurston), 3, 14, 191–193

  Race Champions, 124–126, 128, 302

  race relations, 2, 10, 13–14, 115, 233–241, 245–253, 291–293 (see also McCollum, Ruby)

  Rand School, 154

  Range, Melrose, 94

  Reconstruction, 123, 125, 187, 222, 227, 243–245, 259, 264, 265, 276, 297, 305

  Reid, O. Richard, 126

  religion, 4–6, 51, 65–80, 82–104

  Republican Party, 221–223, 284–286, 295, 309

  reversion to type, doctrine of, 147

  “Review of Voodoo in New Orleans by Robert Tallant” (Hurston), 138–142

  revival meetings, 66

  rhythm, 52–53, 72–73, 82, 135

  “Rise of the Begging Joints, The” (Hurston), 13, 245–253

  “Ritualistic Expression from the Lips of the Communicants of the Seventh Day Church of God” (Hurston), 5, 81–104

  Roberts, Carrie, 94

  Robeson, Paul, 271, 282, 308

  Robinson, Bill (Bo-Jangles), 52, 64

  Robinson, George, 99, 101

  Robinson, Izora, 81, 82, 93, 95, 97–102

  Robinson, Liza, 94

  Robinson, Willie, 94, 97

  Rockefeller, John D., 53–55

  Rogers, Garfield Devoe Sr., 242–244

  Rogers, Will, 254, 309

  “Roll Jordan Roll,” 151

  Rollins College, 227

  Roman nose, 184, 195

  Roosevelt, Eleanor, 290, 292–293

  Roosevelt, Franklin D., 254, 255

  Roosevelt, Theodore, 127, 295

  Rosie the Riveter, 12

  Royal African Guards, 176

  “Ruby Bares Her Love Life” (Hurston), 337–343

  “Ruby McCollum Fights for Life” (Hurston), 327–328

  Ruby McCollum Series (Hurston)

  “Bare Plot Against Ruby,” 329–331

  “Justice and Fair Play Aim of Judge Adams as Ruby Goes on Trial,” 334–335

  “Life Story of Mrs. Ruby J. McCollum, The!,” 354–386

  “McCollum-Adams Trial Highlights,” 336

  “Ruby Bares Her Love Life,” 337–343

  “Ruby McCollum Fights for Life,” 327–328

  “Ruby Sane!,” 324–326

  “Ruby’s Story: Doctor’s Threats, Tussle over Gun Led to Slaying!,” 344–350

  “Ruby’s Troubles Mount: Named in $100,000 Lawsuit,” 351–353

  “Trial Highlights,” 332–333

  “Victim of Fate!,” 321–323

  “Zora’s Revealing Story of Ruby’s 1st Day in Court!,” 315–320

  “Ruby Sane!” (Hurston), 324–326

  “Ruby’s Story: Doctor’s Threats, Tussle over Gun Led to Slaying!,” 344–350

  “Ruby’s Troubles Mount: Named in $100,000 Lawsuit” (Hurston), 351–353

  Rudd, Wayland, 271

  Runnin’ Wild (musical), 110

  Russell, Richard Jr., 225

  St. Johns River, 196, 199

  St. Peters, Florida, 364

  Santo Domingo, 139–141

  Sarah, 108

  Saunders, Doctor, 340

  Savage, Augusta, 126–127

  scalawags, 259, 264–265

  Scarlet Sister Mary (Peterkin), 145

  Schmeling, Max, 282

  Schuyler, George, 250

  Scott, Emmett J., 155–157, 165, 167, 171

  Scottsboro Case, 277

  Seabrook, William, 139

  Second Zion Baptist Church, New Orleans, 79

  segregation, 220, 221, 225, 227, 229, 237, 256, 265, 301

  Selma, Alabama, 45

  Senate Appropriations Committee, 154

  sermons, 3, 4, 7, 51, 79, 82, 83

  Seventh Day Church of God, 81–104

  Sex (Mae West), 63

  Shakespeare, William, 2, 14, 56, 141, 191, 192

  Shepard, James E., 239

  Shining Trumpets: A History of Jazz (Blesh), 134–137

  shouting, 72–75

  “Shouting” (Hurston), 72–75

  Shuffle Along (musical), 110

  Silas, 328

  Silas, Lawrence, 196–203

  Silas, Sarah, 200

  simile, 47, 49

  Simmons, William J., 173

  singing, 7, 37, 60, 63–64, 76–79, 151–153, 170

  single-shotting, 259, 267–269

  slavery, 2, 4, 19, 28–36, 38–45, 76, 107, 123, 128, 139, 141–144, 152, 187–188, 221, 228, 243, 244, 248, 263, 265, 301, 390, 392

  Slowe, Lucy Diggs, 157

  Smathers, George, 260, 268, 291

  Smith, Emory B.., 167

  Smith, Georgia, 94

  Smith, Helen, 361

  Smokey Joe, 54

  Smoot, Reed, 153–154, 156, 170

  Snake Hips, 52, 64

  Socrates, 194

  Sothern, Edward Hugh, 152

  Souls of Black Folk, The (Du Bois), 2

  South Africa, 257

  South Carolina, 91–92, 95, 99, 140

  “South Was Had, The” (Hurston), 220–223

  Southern University, 246

  Soviet Union, 271–275, 282, 297

  Spanish America, 135

  Spaulding, Charles Clinton, 308

  Spaulding, Charlotte Garner, 308–310

  Spingarn, Joel, 240

  spirituals, 3, 4, 7, 8, 57, 63–64, 76–79, 125, 127, 132–133, 136, 152, 153, 170

  “Spirituals and Neo-Spirituals” (Hurston), 5–7, 76–80

  Spoils System, 288

  Springer, Susanna, 69

  Stacker Lee, 54

  Stalin, Joseph, 272

  Stefansson, Vilhjalmur, 121

  Stephenson, Reuben, 94

  Stony, W. M., 97

  “Stories of Conflict” (Hurston), 129–130

  Stork Club, New York, 309

  Stribling, T. S., 112

  Sullivan, Arthur, 224

  Supreme Court of the United States, 15, 178, 220, 223, 228, 287, 296–298, 305

  survival of the fittest, 58

  Sutton, Aunt Shady Anne, 31–32

  Suwanee County Courthouse, Live Oak, Florida, 315–353, 387–401

  Swift and Company, 199

  swing, 134, 136

  Taft, Alphonso, 287

  Taft, Charles P. II, 284

  Taft, Helen Louise, 287

  Taft, Martha Bowers, 229, 285, 287

  Taft, Robert A., 220, 222–223, 229, 275, 284–291, 293–295

  Taft, William Howard, 287

  Taft-Hartley Bill, 286

  “Take for Instance Spessard Holland” (Hurston), 224–229

  Takkoi, West Africa, 38–40, 45–46

  Talladega College, 246

  Tallant, Robert, 138–142

  Taney, Roger B., 45

  Tell My Horse (Hurston), 128, 141

  “Ten Commandments of Charm, The” (Hurston), 11, 182–183

  Texas, 220–223, 308

  theatre, 61–62, 64

  Their Eyes Were Watching God (Hurston), 3, 9, 10, 128, 131, 132

  Thompson, Brooks, 127

  Thompson, Dorothy, 218

  Thompson, Louise, 271

  Thornton, Orlando C., 170

  Three Precious Keys, 206–212

  Thurman, Wallace, 11

  Tibbs, Roy W., 153

  Tillman, Benjamin R., 234

  Tombigbee River, 45

  Touisssant Louverture, François-Dominique, 255

  trade unions, 275, 286

  “Trial Highlights” (Hurston), 332–333

  Truman, Harry, 221

  Tudors, 192

  Tunnell, William V., 155–156

  Tuskegee Institute, 64, 77, 156, 180, 246, 252, 302, 303

  Twelve Mile Island, 44

  Uncle Remus, 108

  Uncle Tom’s Cabin (Stowe), 263–264

  Uncle Tom’s Children (Wright), 129–130

  Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), 175, 177

  universities, 118, 124–125, 226–227, 246–253, 302

  University of Alabama, 305

  University of Berlin, 302, 303

  University of Chicago, 226

  University of Florida, 304

  Valentino, Rudolph, 56

  Van Vechten, Carl, 147, 240

  vaudeville, 4, 110

  verbal nouns, 50

  Vertical City, The (Hurst), 118

  Virginia State University, 246

  virtue belt factor, 247, 248

  Voodoo (Hoodoo), 138–142, 147, 192

  Voodoo in New Orleans (Tallant), 138–142

  voting, 259–269, 284–295, 304

  Walker, Alice, 2, 9

  Wallace, Henry, 290

  waltz, 135

  Ward, Tommie Lee, 358, 361

  Washington, Booker T., 178, 252, 281, 302–303, 310